HLA-A24 (A24) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of α24 subset of HLA-A α-chains. For A24, the alpha, "A", chain are encoded by the HLA-A allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus. This group currently is dominated by A*24:02. A24 and A are almost synonymous in meaning. A24 is a split antigen of the broad antigen HLA-A9 and it is a sister serotype of HLA-A23.
A*24:02 has one of the highest "A" frequencies identified for a number of peoples, including Papua New Guineans, Indigenous Taiwanese (Eastern Tribals), Yupik and Greenland [Aleuts]. It is common over much of Southeastern Asia. In Eurasia it is least common in Ireland, and A24 is relatively uncommon in Africa except North Africa and Kenya.
Serotype
There are over 90 known A*24 alleles, 69 code for different isoforms and 7 are nulls. A*24:03 can also be detected as A2403 serotype.
Associated disease A24 has a secondary risk factor for myasthenia gravis, Buerger's disease. It is also associated with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
Alleles
A*24:02 is a secondary risk factor, alters type 1 diabetes risk, and allele associated with thymoma-induced myasthenia gravis.
Haplotypes + HLA A24-B35 haplotype by Cw frequencies freq Rank in ref. Population (%) Pop. Java (Indonesia) 8.0 1 4 S. Amer. Native 6.3 1 3 N. Amer. Native 5.4 1 5 Mexican 4.7 1 Inuit 4.2 1 Brazilian 3.8 1 Austria 3.5 1 Portuguese 3.1 1 3 Yakut 2.9 1 Mongolian 2.7 1 Timor 2.5 1 5 Bharghavas (India) 2.4 1 Greek 2.3 1 Italian 2.2 1 Mongolian 1.9 1 Vietnamese 1.8 1 Japanese 1.6 2 French 1.2 2 1 Cw4. 2 Cw9. A24-Cw7-B39 A24-Cw10-B60 A24-Cw10-B61 A24-B48
A24-Cw4-B35 This particular haplotype is common across a fairly wide region, possibly the most widely spread A-Cw-B haplotype in humans. Cw4-B35 has a node within the region once referred to as Thracia/Dacia.
A24-Cw*14-B51 + HLA A24-CBL-B51 (CBL=1402) haplotype frequencies freq ref. Population (%) Korean 3.5 Iyers 3.4 Mongolian 2.9 Japanese 2.6 Romanian 2.2 Greek 2.1 Hungarian 2.0 Italian 0.6
References