House of Councillors elections were held in Japan on 10 July 1977. Only half of the House of Councillors was up for election.

The main question of this election was whether or not the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) would be able to retain its hold on an absolute majority of the seats in the House of Councillors, something it has maintained since the party's founding in 1955. Early forecasts had speculated that this dramatic downturn for the LDP may have been possible, but in the end the LDP kept its razor-thin hold on majority control by having four LDP-allied independents cooperate with it. As per usual for the time, the LDP did very well in the sparsely populated single member districts and even managed to hold its own not only in the two-member districts, but even in the more heavily urbanised three- and four-member districts which were projected to be tough wins for the LDP.

The LDP's clearest struggling was in the national district, where its popular vote declined by 8.5% when compared to the previous House of Councillors election. In any event, the pessimistic forecasts of the election results ended up influencing the LDP's approach in fielding relatively few candidates, and members of the party believed that if they disregarded the polls and fielded more candidates, they could have won a larger share of the seats in this election. Meanwhile, the Japan Socialist Party also saw a loss in seats (partly due to vote splitting caused by former member Saburō Eda's SCL splinter party siphoning away votes from the JSP.) The Japanese Communist Party also saw a decline in fortunes, with Kōmeitō and the Democratic Socialist Party showing the most promise among well-established opposition parties.

Results

By constituency ConstituencyTotalseatsSeats wonLDPJSPKōmeitōDSPJCPNLCLCSUPLOthersInd.Aichi3111Akita11Aomori11Chiba211Ehime11Fukui11Fukuoka3111Fukushima211Gifu11Gunma211Hiroshima211Hokkaido422Hyōgo3111Ibaraki211Ishikawa11Iwate11Kagawa11Kagoshima211Kanagawa211Kōchi11Kumamoto22Kyoto211Mie11Miyagi11Miyazaki11Nagano211Nagasaki11Nara11Niigata211Ōita11Okinawa11Okayama211Osaka3111Saga11Saitama211Shiga11Shimane11Shizuoka211Tochigi211Tokushima11Tokyo41111Tottori11Toyama11Wakayama11Yamagata11Yamaguchi11Yamanashi11National5018109431113Total1266327146531115

References