The following article is a list of Indian scientists spanning from Ancient to Modern India, who have had a major impact in the field of science and technology.
Ancient India (Pre 300 BCE) Lagadha, astronomer, author of one of the oldest known treatises on astrology (around late 2nd millennium BCE and early 1st millennium BCE) Baudhayana, mathematician, author of oldest surviving texts of Indian mathematics (around 1st millennium BCE) Uddalaka Aruni, metaphysicist, anticipated the idea of atom (aṅu) metaphysically (8th–6th century BCE) Manava (750 BC-690 BC), mathematician, author of geometric text of Sulba Sutras. Apastamba (600 BC), mathematician Atreya, physician, one of founding father of ayurveda (around 6th century BCE) Jivaka, physician, widely regarded as a model healer in the Eastern world during ancient times (5th century BCE) Sushruta, father of plastic surgery, author of Sushruta Samhita which is one of the most important ancient medical treatise (600–500 BCE) Panini, father of linguistics (600–400 BCE) Bogar, Alchemist (550-300 BCE) Charaka, physician (400–300 BCE) Kanada, natural scientist and philosopher who founded the Vaisheshika school of Indian philosophy which talks about atomism.(Unclear; 600–200 BCE) Shalihotra, veterinarian (3rd century BCE) Pingala, grammarian and mathematician whose master work , also called the Pingala Sutras.
Classical period (300 BCE–500 CE) Pingala, mathematician and linguist (3rd–2nd century BCE) Yavanajataka, written by Sphujidhvaja, is an ancient text in Indian astrology. Chanakya, polymath (375–283 BCE) Dhanvantari, physician, mentioned as one of the "Nine Gems" (Navaratnas) in the court of Chandragupta II, he was an expert in Ayurveda, specializing in toxicology, herbal pharmacology, and the refining of medicinal minerals. Nagarjuna (metallurgist), alchemist and philosopher (150-250 CE) Aryabhata, mathematician and astronomer, author of Aryabhatiya (476–550 CE) Dignāga, logician (c. 480 – c. 540 CE) Varāhamihira (505-587 CE), while his monumental encyclopedic works were compiled in the early-to-mid 6th century, his foundational scientific work began during the late Gupta era. He merged planetary physics with environmental science, writing on earthquake patterns, hydrology (finding underground water using botany), and civil architecture. Dharmakīrti, logician (c. 600–670 CE;)
Early medieval period (500–1000 CE) Varahamihira, astronomer (5th–6th century CE) Vagbhata, physician (6th century CE) Brahmagupta, mathematician and astronomer (598–688 CE) Bhaskara I, mathematician and astronomer (600–680 CE) Haridatta, astronomer (6th century CE) Lalla, astronomer and astrologer (720–790 CE) Madhava-kara, physician (7th–8th century CE) Virasena, logician and mathematician (792-853 CE) Gautama Siddha, astrologer, astronomer and compiler in Tang Dynasty, introduced 0 and Indian numerals in China (8th century CE) Shankaranarayana, astronomer and astrologist (840–900 CE) Mahavira, mathematician (9th century CE) Halayudha, mathematician (10th century CE) Aryabhata II, mathematician and astronomer (920–1000 CE) Manjula, astronomer (Born 932 CE) Utpala, astronomer (9th–10th CE) Vijayanandi, astronomer (940–1010 CE) Somadeva Suri, mechanical device maker (fl. 959–66, possibly born in Bengal region about 920)
Late medieval period (1000–1500 CE) Bhoja, polymath, astronomer, alchemist, mathematician, architect, inventor (1000-1070 CE) Sripati, astronomer, astrologer and mathematician (1019–1066 CE) Brahmadeva, mathematician and astronomer (1060–1130 CE) Satananda, astronomer (1068–1099 CE) Bhaskara II, mathematician and astronomer (1114–1185 CE) Śārṅgadeva, musicologist and mathematician (1175-1247) Suryadeva Yajvan, astronomer and astrologer (1191– at least 1248 CE) Govinda Bhattathiri, astronomer and astrologer (1237–1295 CE) Gangesha Upadhyaya, logician, founder of navya nyaya school (first half of the 14th century) Narayana Pandita (mathematician), mathematician (1340-1400 CE) Madhava of Sangamagrama, mathematician and astronomer, founded Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics (1340–1425 CE) Mahendra Suri, astronomer, wrote the Yantraraja, the first Indian treatise on the astrolabe (1340–1400 CE) Parameshvara Nambudiri, astronomer (1380–1460 CE) Makaranda, astronomer (fl. 1438-1478) Nilakantha Somayaji, astronomer (1444–1544 CE) Damodara, astronomer (15th century CE) Raghunatha Siromani, logician (1475–1550) Keshava of Nandigrama, astrologer and astronomer (1496–1507)
Early modern period (1500–1800 CE) Jyesthadeva, astronomer (1500–1575 CE) Paarangot Jyeshtadevan Namboodiri, mathematician and astronomer (1500–1610 CE) Shankara Variyar, astronomer and mathematician (1500–1560 CE) Gaṇeśa Daivajna, astronomer and mathematician (1520-1554 CE) Achyutha Pisharadi, Sanskrit linguist, astronomer, astrologer and mathematician (1550–1621 CE) Kṛṣṇa Daivajña, mathematicians (16th - 17th century) Nilakantha Daivajna, astronomer and astrologer (6th century CE) Munishvara, astronomer and mathematician (1603 - 1670) Kamalakara, astronomer and mathematician (1616–1700 CE) Puthumana Somayaji, astronomer and mathematician (1660–1740 CE) Jagannatha Samrat, astronomer and mathematician (1652–1744 CE) Sawai Jai Singh, ruler and astronomer, commissioned Jantar Mantar observatory (1688–1743 CE) Sankara Varman, astronomer and mathematician (1774–1839 CE)
19th century CE Radhanath Sikdar, mathematician, calculated height of Mt. Everest (1813–1870 CE) Gode Venkata Juggarow, astronomer (1817–1856 CE) Pathani Samanta, astronomer (1835–1904 CE) Jagdish Chandra Bose, polymath, father of radio science (1858–1937 CE) Sir M. Visvesvaraya, civil engineer and statesman (1861–1962 CE) Prafulla Chandra Ray, chemist (1861–1944 CE) Shankar Abaji Bhise, invented type setting machine (1867–1935 CE) Indumadhab Mallick, polymath, inventor of icmic cooker (1869–1917 CE) Upendranath Brahmachari, physician (1873–1946 CE) synthesised urea-stibamine (carbostibamide) for the treatment of Kala-azar visceral leishmaniasis Shiv Ram Kashyap, botanist (1882–1934 CE) Darashaw Nosherwan Wadia, geologist (1883–1969 CE) Pandurang Sadashiv Khankhoje, scholar and agronomist (1884–1967 CE) M. O. P. Iyengar, botanist and phycologist (1886–1963 CE) Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (C. V. Raman), physicist (1888–1970 CE) Srinivasa Ramanujan, mathematician (1887–1920 CE) Satya Churn Law, naturalist and ornithologist (1888–1984 CE) Sisir Kumar Mitra, radio and atmospheric physicist (1890–1963 CE) Birbal Sahni, paleobotanist (1891–1949 CE) Gopalswamy Doraiswamy Naidu, inventor of the first electric motor in India (1893-1974 CE) K. R. Ramanathan, physicist and meteorologist (1893–1984 CE) K. Ananda Rau, mathematician (1893–1966 CE) Meghnad Saha, astrophysicist (1893–1956 CE) Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis, statistician (1893–1972 CE) Jnan Chandra Ghosh, chemist (1894–1959 CE) Nikhil Ranjan Sen, mathematical physicist (1894-1963 CE) Satyendra Nath Bose, theoretical physicist, father of God Particle (1894–1974 CE) Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar, colloid chemist (1894–1955 CE) Yellapragada Subbarow, biochemist (1895–1948 CE) Sunder Lal Hora, ichthyologist (1896–1955 CE) Salim Ali, ornithologist and naturalist (1896–1987 CE) Janaki Ammal, botanist (1897–1984 CE) K.S. Krishnan, physicist (1898–1961 CE) M. S. Krishnan, geologist (1898–1970 CE) Kotcherlakota Rangadhama Rao, physicist (1898–1972 CE)
Early 20th century CE Kedareswar Banerjee, crystallographer (1900–1975 CE) L. A. Ramdas, physicist and meteorologist (1900–1979 CE) Raj Chandra Bose, mathematician (1901-1987 CE) Subbayya Sivasankaranarayana Pillai, mathematician (1901–1950 CE) Panchanan Maheshwari, botanist, invented test-tube fertilisation technique of Angiosperms (1904–1966 CE) Kailas Nath Kaul, agronomist (1905–1983 CE) Benjamin Peary Pal, agronomist (1906–1989 CE) Daulat Singh Kothari, physicist (1906–1993 CE) Vishnu Vasudev Narlikar, physicist (1908–1991 CE) Homi Jehangir Bhabha, nuclear physicist, father of Indian nuclear programme (1909–1966 CE) Nautam Bhatt, physicist (1909–2005 CE) P.R. Pisharoty, physicist and meteorologist (1909–2002 CE) Suri Bhagavantam, physicist (1909–1989 CE) Sarvadaman Chowla. mathematician (1907-1995) Subramanyan Chandrasekhar, theoretical physicist, known for Chandrasekhar Limit (1910–1995 CE) Kamala Sohonie, biochemist (1911–1998 CE) A. S. Rao, physicist (1914–2003 CE) Matthew Pothen Thekaekara, Jesuit priest who published the Thekaekara spectrum (1914–1974 AD) Sambhu Nath De, pathologist (1915–1985 CE) Asima Chatterjee, chemist (1917–2006 CE) M. S. Balakrishnan, phycologist (1917–1990 CE) Waman Dattatreya Patwardhan, nuclear chemist (1917–2007 CE) Anna Mani, physicist and meteorologist (1918–2001 CE) Prahalad Chunnilal Vaidya, physicist and mathematician (1918–2010 CE) Shya Chitaley, paleobotanist (1918–2013 CE) V. S. Huzurbazar, statistician (1919–1991 CE) Vikram Sarabhai, physicist and astronomer, established Physical Research Laboratory (1919–1971 CE) Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao, mathematical statistician (1920–2023) K. S. Chandrasekharan, mathematician (1920–2017 CE) Satish Dhawan, aerospace engineer (1920–2002 CE) Siva Brata Bhattacherjee, X-ray crystallographer (1921–2003 CE) Vasudeva Krishnamurthy, algologist (1921–2014 CE) G. N. Ramachandran, biophysicist (1922–2001 CE) Har Gobind Khorana, biochemist (1922–2011 CE) Yelavarthy Nayudamma, chemical engineer (1922–1985 CE) Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri, theoretical physicist (1923–2005 CE) B. V. Sreekantan, astrophysicist (1923–2019 CE) Homi Sethna, nuclear physicist and chemist (1923–2010 CE) Harish-Chandra, mathematician and physicist (1923–1983 CE) Ranjan Roy Daniel, physicist (1923–2005 CE) M. S. Swaminathan, agronomist (1925–2023 CE) Nitya Anand, medicinal chemist (1925–2024 CE) Raja Ramanna, nuclear physicist (1925–2004 CE) Narinder Singh Kapany, physicist (1926–2020 CE) Syed Zahoor Qasim, marine biologist (1926–2015 CE) Samarendra Nath Biswas, theoretical physicist (1926–2005 CE) Yash Pal, space scientist (1926–2017 CE) Gopinath Kartha, crystallographer (1927–1984 CE) Purnima Sinha, physicist (1927–2015 CE) Tanjore Ramachandra Anantharaman, metallurgist (1927–2009 CE) Vainu Bappu, astronomer (1927–1982 CE) M. G. K. Menon, physicist (1928–2016 CE) U. Aswathanarayana, geologist (1928–2016 CE) Asoke Nath Mitra, theoretical physicist (1929–2022 CE) Arvind Joshi, computational linguist (1929–2017 CE) Amar Bose, electrical engineer (1929–2013 CE) Govind Swarup, radioastronomer (1929–2020 CE) Kookal Ramunni Krishnan, physician (1929–1999 CE) Krityunjai Prasad Sinha, theoretical physicist (1929–2023 CE) Shrinivas Kulkarni, mathematician (1930–2012 CE) A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, aerospace engineer, missile man of India (1931–2015 CE) E. C. George Sudarshan, theoretical physicist (1931–2018 CE) Manilal Bhaumik, physicist (1931–present CE) Nilamber Pant, space scientist (1931–present CE) P. K. Iyengar, nuclear physicist (1931–2011 CE) Surindar Kumar Trehan, mathematician (1931–2004 CE) C. S. Seshadri, mathematician (1932–2020 CE) Ganeshan Venkataraman, condensed matter physicist (1932–present CE) M. S. Narasimhan, mathematician (1932–2021 CE) Obaid Siddiqi, biologist (1932–2013 CE) Ratan Lal Brahmachary, biochemist (1932–2018 CE) Udipi Ramachandra Rao, space scientist (1932–2017 CE) Daya-Nand Verma, mathematician (1933–2012 CE) Amartya Sen, economist and philosopher (1933–present CE) Vasant Ranchhod Gowarikar, meteorologist (1933–2015 CE) Roddam Narasimha, aerospace scientist and fluid dynamicist (1934–2020 CE) Ajoy Ghose, mining engineer (1934–2019 CE) C. N. R. Rao, chemist (1934–present CE) Gandikota V. Rao, atmospheric scientist (1934–2004 CE) Subramania Ranganathan, bioorganic chemist (1934–2016 CE) S. Pancharatnam, optical physicist (1934–1969 CE)