The Samajwadi Party (SP; ) is a socialist political party in India. It was founded on 4 October 1992 by former Janata Dal politician Mulayam Singh Yadav and is headquartered in New Delhi. It is the third-largest party in Lok Sabha, and is led by former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Akhilesh Yadav.
While the party is largely based in Uttar Pradesh, it has significant presence in many other Indian states as well. It has been the ruling party in the state of Uttar Pradesh for four terms – three times under Chief Minister Mulayam Singh Yadav, the fourth and most recent being Chief Minister Akhilesh Yadav's full majority government in the 2012–2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly.
The coalition of the party and its alliance partners: Samajwadi Alliance (SP+) is currently the largest bloc in Uttar Pradesh in terms of Lok Sabha MPs. The alliance has one of the largest vote bases in the state of Uttar Pradesh in terms of the collective voting pattern, with more than 37% vote share in the 2022 assembly elections and 44% in the 2024 general elections.
History
The Samajwadi Party was one of several parties that emerged when Janata Dal fragmented into several regional parties. The party was founded by Mulayam Singh Yadav in 1992. Created just months before the Babri Masjid demolition, the party rose to power by pursuing secular politics. The support of its key voters, Other Backward Classes and Muslims helped the party become a major political force in Uttar Pradesh.
In West Bengal, the West Bengal Socialist Party of Kiranmoy Nanda merged with the SP in 2010. The Samajwadi Party is now led by former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Akhilesh Yadav.
He was chosen as the President for the first time in an Emergency meeting in 2017. He was chosen for second time in 2017 at Agra Convention of Samajwadi Party. He was chosen for the third time at the party's national convention held in September 2022 at Lucknow, after he was chosen as the President at the party's national convention held on 1 January 2017.
The party have contested Lok Sabha and State Assembly elections around the country, but by far the bulk of its victories have been in Uttar Pradesh. In the 2012 legislative assembly elections of Uttar Pradesh, SP registered a landslide victory with a clear majority in the house, thus enabling it to form a government in the state. This was expected to be the fifth term of Mulayam Singh Yadav as Chief Minister of state, but he selected his son, Akhilesh Yadav instead. This became official on 15 March. It was also the first time that SP was head of the UP government for a full term of five years. However, the party suffered a landslide defeat in the 2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election, slumping to only 47 seats as the Bharatiya Janata Party swept to victory. The major loss of Samajwadi Party was attributed to several factors, most notably being corruption, several political controversies, deteriorating law and order, and insensitive comments on rape as well as anti-women views.
National Convention of January 2017 In a National Convention held on 1 January 2017, called by Ram Gopal Yadav, Akhilesh Yadav was appointed as president of the Party for five years.
Position in state and national politics
Alliance UPA The Samajwadi Party provided outside support to the United Progressive Alliance government up to the fourteenth general election. After the fourteenth general election, its support became unnecessary when the UPA became the largest alliance. It contested the 2009 general election in alliance with the Rashtriya Janata Dal and the Lok Janshakti Party of Bihar.
In April 2014, the Save Indian Family Foundation encouraged voters to support the Samajwadi Party or vote None of the above because they had said they opposed the alleged misuse of gender bias laws. SP-BSP Alliance In 2019 general election, the Samajwadi Party was defeated by the BJP in Uttar Pradesh though allying with Bahujan Samaj Party. It became the thirteenth largest party in parliament. In the general elections of 2019, it won only five seats, while the BSP won 10.
INDIA Recently, Samajwadi Party joined the newly formed Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance(I.N.D.I.A) formed as an umbrella alliance of opposition parties in India.
In the 2024 Indian general election, the Samajwadi Party achieved a historic breakthrough by winning 37 seats, making it the third-largest party in the 18th Lok Sabha. In Uttar Pradesh, the Samajwadi Party contested the elections in alliance with the Indian National Congress. Together, they secured 43 out of the 80 seats in the state, marking a significant gain for the INDIA Alliance.
Presence in state assemblies The SP has two MLAs in Maharashtra and one MLA in the 2022 Gujarat assembly election.
Samajwadi Prahari and Samajwadi Sanwad
Under the guidance of Kailash Chaurasia, who was the Minister of State in the Government of Uttar Pradesh and under the direction of Dr.Arvind Srivastava, Shri Shivendra Nandan made the formal announcement of the formation of Samajwadi Sentinel and in this sequence, Samajwadi Samvad to put forward the public's views. He reportedly cited the fight for equal rights for all races and issues related to inequality in youth-related matters as the main issues presented. The Samajwadi Party has front line campaigning groups. Ongoing debate on party policy comes from many of their leaders. Among them are: Chhatra Sabha Sanwad Yuvjan Sabha Sanwad Samajwadi prahari Sanwad Mulayam Singh Youth Brigade Sanwad Lohiya Vahini Sanwad Shikshak Sabha Sanwad Vyapar Sabha Sanwad Adhivakta Sabha Sanwad Ambedkar Vahini Samwad
Electoral performances Lok Sabha Elections +Lok Sabha TermLok SabhaSeats contestedSeats won% of votesState (seats)Ref 11th Lok Sabha 1996 111 3.3% Uttar Pradesh (16), Bihar (1) 12th Lok Sabha 1998 166 4.9% Uttar Pradesh (19) 13th Lok Sabha 1999 151 3.8% Uttar Pradesh (26) 14th Lok Sabha 2004 237 4.3% Uttar Pradesh (35), Uttarakhand (1) 15th Lok Sabha 2009 193 3.4% Uttar Pradesh (23) 16th Lok Sabha 2014 197 3.4% Uttar Pradesh (5) 17th Lok Sabha 2019 49 2.6% Uttar Pradesh (5) 18th Lok Sabha 2024 62 4.58% Uttar Pradesh (37)
Assembly Elections +Vidhan Sabha TermUP ElectionsSeats contestedSeats won% of votesParty VotesRefUttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly 12th Vidhan Sabha 1993 256 17.94% 8,963,697 13th Vidhan Sabha 1996 281 21.80% 12,085,226 14th Vidhan Sabha 2002 390 25.37% 13,612,509 15th Vidhan Sabha 2007 393 25.43% 13,267,674 16th Vidhan Sabha 2012 401 29.15% 22,107,241 17th Vidhan Sabha 2017 311 21.82% 18,923,689 18th Vidhan Sabha 2022 347 32.06% 29,543,934Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly 11th Vidhan Sabha 1998 228 1.58% 419,626 12th Vidhan Sabha 2003 161 3.71% 946,891 13th Vidhan Sabha 2008 187 1.90% 501,324 14th Vidhan Sabha 2013 161 1.2% 404,853 15th Vidhan Sabha 2018 52 1.3% 496,025 16th Vidhan Sabha 2023 71 0.46% 200,069Maharashtra Legislative Assembly 9th Vidhan Sabha 1995 22 0.93% 356,731 10th Vidhan Sabha 1999 15 0.7% 227,640 11th Vidhan Sabha 2004 95 1.13% 471,425 12th Vidhan Sabha 2009 31 1.11% 337,378 13th Vidhan Sabha 2014 22 0.17% 92,304 14th Vidhan Sabha 2019 7 0.22% 123,267 15th Vidhan Sabha 2024 9 0.38% 246,350
List of chief ministers
No. Name Constituency Term of officeChief Ministers. Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly. Retrieved on 27 July 2013.President's rule. Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly. Retrieved on 27 July 2013. Tenure length Party AssemblyDate of Constitution & Dissolution of Uttar Pradesh Vidhan Sabha . Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly. Retrieved on 27 July 2013. Ref 1 Mulayam Singh Yadav Jaswantnagar 5Dec 1989 24Jun 1991 Janata Dal Tenth Assembly (1989–91) "Statistical Report on General Election, 2002, to the Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh" [pdf]. Election Commission of India. Retrieved on 28 July 2013. (1) 4Dec 1993 3Jun 1995 Samajwadi Party Twelfth Assembly (1993–95) (1) Gunnaur 29Aug 2003 13May 2007 Fourteenth Assembly (2002–07) 2 Akhilesh Yadav MLC 15Mar 2012 19Mar 2017 Sixteenth Assembly (2012–17)"Statistical Report on General Election, 2012, to the Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh" [pdf]. Election Commission of India. Retrieved on 28 July 2013.
List of union ministers No.PhotoPortfolioName(Lifespan)Assumed officeLeft officeDurationConstituency(House)1Minister of DefenceMulayam Singh Yadav(19392022)1 June199621 April1997Mainpuri(Lok Sabha)Deve Gowda21 April199718 March1998I.K. Gujral2Minister of Communications( until 10 July 1996) Beni Prasad Verma(19412020)29 June199621 April1997Kaiserganj(Lok Sabha)Deve Gowda21 April199719 March1998I.K. GujralMinister of Communications()1 June199629 June1996Deve Gowdarowspan="2" Minister of Parliamentary Affairs()3Minister of Health and Family Welfare[]Saleem Iqbal Shervani(born 1953)29 June199621 April1997Badaun(Lok Sabha)Deve Gowda21 April19979 June 1997I.K. GujralMinister of Health and Family Welfare()1 June199629 June1996Deve GowdaMinister of External Affairs()9 June199719 March1998I.K. Gujral4Minister of Water ResourceJaneshwar Mishra(19332010)29 June199621 April1997Uttar Pradesh(Rajya Sabha)Deve Gowda21 April19979 June 1997I.K. Gujralrowspan="2" Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas9 June199719 March1998
Prominent members
Mulayam Singh Yadav, founder and former President of Samajwadi Party, former Defence minister of India and former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh.Former Chief Ministers of Uttar Pradesh up.gov.in. Akhilesh Yadav, President of Samajwadi Party and former chief minister of Uttar Pradesh. Azam Khan, Member of Parliament, 9 time MLA, Member of Parliament Loksabha Rampur former cabinet minister of Uttar Pradesh and former Member of Rajya Sabha from Uttar Pradesh. Atiq Ahmed, former Member of Parliament and gangster. Janeshwar Mishra, former cabinet minister, Government of India. Former Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha. Shivpal Singh Yadav, Former State President of Samajwadi Party, Member of Legislative Assembly from Jaswantnagar – 6th term, Former Cabinet Minister(UP Govt.), Former Leader of Opposition Beni Prasad Verma, former Union Cabinet Minister of India Awadhesh Prasad, General Secretary of Samajwadi Party, Former Cabinet Minister of Uttar Pradesh, founding member Anantram Jaiswal former Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha, Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha, Minister and Samajwadi Ideologist, Founding member Kiranmoy Nanda, Vice President of Samajwadi Party Naresh Uttam Patel, Former Uttar Pradesh State president of Samajwadi Party. Professor Ram Gopal Yadav, Party Leader in Rajya Sabha Jaya Bachchan, Indian actress and Rajya Sabha MP from Uttar Pradesh. Ram Govind Chaudhary, Leader of opposition in Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly. Indrajit Saroj, National General Secretary, Deputy Leader of Opposition in Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Balram Yadav, 5 times elected as Member of Legislative Assembly from Atraulia Assembly constituency and 4 times as Member of Legislative Council, Former Cabinet Minister (UP Govt.), He is prominent leader in purvanchal( Eastern Uttar Pradesh). Sanjay Lathar, Leader of Opposition in Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council. Dr. Sangram Yadav, 3 times Member of the Legislative Assembly (India) from Atraulia Assembly constituency and Whip/sachetak of Samajwadi party vidhan mandal dal. Abu Asim Azmi, Samajwadi Party Maharashtra state President, Member of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly and former Member of Rajya Sabha. Mohan Singh, former Member of Parliament Rajya Sabha Harendra Singh Malik, former MP Rajya Sabha, prominent Jat leader from Western Uttar Pradesh. Pankaj Kumar Malik, MLA from Charthawal Assembly Seat. Vishambhar Prasad Nishad, Samajwadi Party General Secretary, Rajya Sabha MP, former Member of Lok Sabha, and former Cabinet Minister of Uttar Pradesh. Balwant Singh Ramoowalia, Prominent Sikh leader and former cabinet minister of Uttar Pradesh.