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This is a timeline of Colombian history, comprising important legal and territorial changes, political events, and milestones relating to Colombia and its predecessor states and cultures. To read about the background to these events, see History of Colombia. Millennia: 11th BC–9th BC3rd BC2nd BC–1st BC1st–2nd3rd

Centuries: 20th BC19th BC18th BC17th BC16th BC15th BC14th BC13th BC12th BC11th BC10th BC9th BC8th BC7th BC6th BC5th BC4th BC3rd BC2nd BC1st BC

BC Year Event 10500 BC El Abra culture inhabits the Altiplano Cundiboyacense.9000 BCCommunities of hunter-gatherers are established in the regions of Tequendama, El Abra, Nemocón, Tibitó, Vistahermosa, Galindo, Aguazuque, Gachetá and Sueva.title= Evidencias culturales durante el Pleistoceno y Holoceno de Colombia | retrieved on 21 August 20233000 BCInhabitants change to a semi-sedentary life. The first crops of cassava on the Caribbean coast and maize in the Altiplano Cundiboyacense are grown.title= Atlas básico de historia de Colombia | retrieved on 21 August 2023. Archaeological sites in Puerto Hormiga show human activity.2700 BCInhabitants develop agriculture in the Amazon.1600 BCThe Morro del Tulcán pyramid is built.1590 BCThe Ilama culture develops near the Calima River in the Valle del Cauca.1300 BCThe Chimitá petroglyphs in modern-day Santander Department are created.1270 BCThe Zipacón pottery is created.700 BCCave paintings are created near the Inírida River in modern-day Vichada Department.The Quimbaya's formative stage occurs.El Infiernito menhirs is built.300 BCMalagana periodThe Guayabero Cave paintings in modern-day Guaviare are created.First type of Colombian cheese was made by an ancient civilization.200 BCSan Agustín culture100 BCTairona culture Centuries: 1st2nd3rd4th5th6th7th8th9th10th11th12th13th14th15th16th17th18th19th20th

1st century Year Event 100 Early Zenú culture

3rd century Year Event 300 the Chibcha civilization expands from the northern Andes including part of what is now Panama, the high plains of the Eastern Sierra of Colombia the areas of modern departments of Santander (North and South), Boyacá and Cundinamarca, becoming the most populous zone between the Mayan and Inca Empires.

6th century Year Event 600 Classic Quimbaya civilization. Poporo Quimbaya Tierradentro culture

7th century Year Event 700 Late Zenú culture

10th century Year Event 1000 Classic Muisca period. Muisca raft

15th century Year Event ~1450 Meicuchuca becomes zipa of Bacatá (to 1470). Hunzahúa becomes zaque of Hunza (to 1470). 1470 Saguamanchica becomes zipa of Bacatá (to 1490). Michuá becomes zaque of Hunza (to 1490). 1490 Battle of Chocontá Nemequene becomes zipa of Bacatá (to 1514). Quemuenchatocha becomes zaque of Hunza (to 1537). 1492 Inca Empire invades southwest Colombia. 1498 Spanish explorer Juan de la Cosa lands on what is today called Cabo de la Vela (Cape of Sails) in the Guajira Peninsula. 1500 Rodrigo de Bastidas lands on the Colombian Caribbean coast.

16th century Year Date Event 1502 2 May Alonso de Ojeda arrives at Bahía Honda and founded the village of Santa Cruz, first city in Colombia 1508 Diego de Enciso and Vasco Núñez de Balboa founded the village of Santa María la Antigua del Darién, initially called The Antigua 1509 Ojeda founded the village of San Sebastián de Urabá Indigenous princess India Catalina is abducted by Spanish conqueror Diego de Nicuesa from a Calamari indigenous settlement 1510 Spanish conquerors discover San Andres y Providencia islands 1513 25 September Núñez de Balboa discovers the Pacific Ocean 1514 12 April The Pedrarias Dávila expedition began Tisquesusa becomes zipa of Bacatá (till 1537) 1518 2 December Vasco Núñez de Balboa is executed by orders of Pedrarias Dávila 1525 29 July Rodrigo de Bastidas founded the village of Santa Marta 1530 3 May Foundation of Santa Cruz de Mompox by Alonso de Heredia 1533 20 January Pedro de Heredia founded the village of Cartagena de Indias 1536 6 April The strenuous Spanish conquest expedition starts from Santa Marta La expedición de Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada por el río Magdalena y el origen del Nuevo Reino de Granada (1536–1537) – Banco de la República 25 July Sebastián de Belalcázar founded the village of Santiago de Cali 1537 Foundation of St. Juan de Pasto by Lorenzo de Aldana March Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada with his troops reach the Muisca Confederation 20 April zipa Tisquesusa is beaten in the Spanish conquest of the Muisca at Funza Biography Tisquesusa – Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas Sagipa becomes the last zipa of Bacatá Biography of Sagipa – Banco de la República 25 July Francisco César discovers the territory of Antioquia 20 August zaque Quemuenchatocha is beaten in Hunza. Zaque Quemuenchatocha – Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas Aquiminzaque becomes the last zaque of Hunza. Biography of Aquiminzaque – Pueblos Originarios September The Sun Temple in Sogamoso (name in Muysccubun: Sugamuxi) was burned by Spanish soldiers Temple of the Sun – Sogamoso – Pueblos Originarios 1538 6 August Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada founded the city of Santa fe de Bogotá *some historians argue that the date of foundation was on 27 April 1539 20 August The Panche are beaten by an alliance of zipa Sagipa and Spanish conquistadors in the Battle of Tocarema Battle of Tocarema – Universidad de los Andes 1539 Cacica Gaitana starts the Paezan revolt against the Spanish conquest Neiva is founded by Juan de Cabrera. Honda, Tolima is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada. 6 August Gonzalo Suárez Rendón founded the city of Tunja 1540 27 July King Carlos V appointed Santa Fe de Bogotá the title of city 1541 24 August Jerónimo Luis Tejelo discovers the Aburrá Valley 1542 Francisco de Orellana sails the length of the Amazon River 1545 Foundation of Riohacha by Nikolaus Federmann 1549 17 July Emperor Carlos V, created the Royal Audiencia of Santa Fe, subdivided into districts including the "New Kingdom Provinces": Santa Marta, Río de San Juan, Popayán, bordering with Quito, Guayana o Dorado and Cartagena de Indias. Pamplona was founded. 1550 6 January Hernando de Santana founded the village of Valle de Upar Foundation of Ibagué by Andres Lopez de Galarza 1556 7 April The Real Audiencia de Santafé is officially installed 1572 Foundation of Villa de Leyva by Hernan Suarez de Villalobos 1580 7 December The first recorded eruption of the Galeras volcano occurs. 1588 4 November Cartagena de Indias is affected by a hurricane. (to 6 November) 1596 English corsair Francis Drake attacks Riohacha 1600 19 February Huaynaputina volcano in Peru erupted catastrophically, in the largest volcanic explosion in South America in historic times causing a volcanic winter, with deadly effects reaching as far as Russia

17th century Year Date Event 1610 5 February the Catholic Monarchs established from Spain the Spanish Inquisition Holy Office Court in Cartagena de Indias 1629 Foundation of Barranca de San Nicolas (Later Barranquilla ) by Galapa indigenous people 1631 Foundation of Girón, Santander by Francisco Mantilla de los Rios 1650 Approximated date of painting of the Sopo Archangels 1675 Foundation of Medellín by Francisco Herrera Campuzano

18th century Year Date Event 1711 6 August Death of painter Gregorio Vasquez de Arce y Ceballos 1717 The Viceroyalty of New Granada is originally created, and then it was temporarily removed, to finally be reestablished in 1739 1719 13 June Antonio Ignacio de la Pedrosa y Guerrero is Viceroy of New Granada 1724 11 May Jorge de Villalonga is Viceroy of New Granada 1740 24 April Sebastián de Eslava is Viceroy of New Granada Revolt of the Comuneros (New Granada) 1749 24 September José Alfonso Pizarro is Viceroy of New Granada 1753 24 November José Solís Folch de Cardona is Viceroy of New Granada 1756 The viceroyalty of New Granada is allowed to fabricate its own coins. The House of Coins "Casa de la Moneda" is built 1761 Pedro Messía de la Cerda is Viceroy of New Granada 1772 Manuel de Guirior is Viceroy of New Granada 1773 Foundation of San Jose de Cúcuta by Juana Rangel de Cuellar 1776 26 November Manuel Antonio Flores is Viceroy of New Granada 1780 Manuela Beltrán organized a peasant revolt against excessive taxation 1782 1 April Juan de Torrezar Díaz Pimienta is Viceroy of New Granada Antonio Caballero y Góngora is Viceroy of New Granada 1783 José Celestino Mutis leads the Royal Botanical Expedition to New Granada. 1786 Death of indigenous leader Cacique Calarcá in combats against the Spanish forces in Peñas Blancas 1788 Francisco Gil de Taboada y Lemos is Viceroy of New Granada 1789 José Manuel de Ezpeleta is Viceroy of New Granada 1797 2 January Pedro Mendinueta y Múzquiz is Viceroy of New Granada 1799 Research expedition of Alexander von Humboldt exploring the courses of the Orinoco River and Magdalena River

19th century