The following is a list of jarls and dukes, who ruled over Schleswig respectively Southern Jutland (Sønderjylland).
First jarls/dukes
House of Estridsen (1080–1375)
RulerBornReignRuling partConsortDeathNotes Olaf I Hunger c.1050Son of Sweyn II of Denmark1080 – 18 August 1095Duchy of Schleswig Ingegerd of Norwayc.1070one child18 August 1095aged 44-45 Jarl (earl) of Jutland, since 1086 king of Denmark. Direct rule by Denmark (1095-1115) Canute I Lavard 12 March 1096Son of Eric I of Denmark and Boedil Thurgotsdatter1115 – 7 January 1131Duchy of Schleswig Ingeborg of Kiev1116four children7 January 1131Ringstedaged 34Titled dux DaciaeEsben Albrectsen, "Das Abel-Geschlecht und die Schauenburger als Herzöge von Schleswig", Marion Hartwig and Frauke Witte (trls.), in: Die Fürsten des Landes: Herzöge und Grafen von Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg [De slevigske hertuger; German], Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen (ed.) on behalf of the Gesellschaft für Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte, Neumünster: Wachholtz, 2008, pp. 52–71, here p. 52. (i.e. Duke of Denmark) Magnus Nielsen c.1106Son of Niels of Denmark and Margaret Fredkulla7 January 1131 – 4 June 1134Duchy of Schleswig Richeza of Polandc.1127two children4 June 1134Battle of Fotevikaged 27-28King of Västergötland Direct rule by Denmark (1134-1150)Valdemar I 14 January 1131SchleswigSon of Canute I Lavard and Ingeborg of Kiev1150–11571173 – 12 May 1182Second rule not as Duke, but as King ruling over Schleswig.Duchy of Schleswig Sophia of Minskc.1144Viborg Cathedraleight children12 May 1182Vordingborgaged 51At least between 1152 and 1154, he was titled dux Daciae"Albrectsen 2008 p. 52" (i.e. Duke of Denmark), possibly referring to exclusive possession of the duchy of Schleswig, opposing to the shared dominion in Denmark.Canute II c.1110Third son of Prince Henry of Denmark and Ingrid Ragnvaldsdotter1157 – 12 March 1162Duchy of Schleswig Unmarried12 March 1162aged 51-52Boris c.1110Fourth son of Prince Henry of Denmark and Ingrid Ragnvaldsdotter12 March 1162 – 1167Duchy of Schleswig 1167aged 56-57Christopher 1150Illegitimate son of Valdemar I1167 – 1173Duchy of Schleswig Unmarried1173aged 22-23 Direct rule by Denmark (1173-1183) Valdemar II the Victorious 9 May 1170RibeSon of Valdemar I and Sophia of Minsk1183–1232Duchy of Schleswig Dagmar of Bohemia1205one sonBerengaria of Portugal1214four children28 March 1241Vordingborgaged 70Titled dux slesvicensis"Albrectsen 2008 p. 52" (i.e. Sleswickian duke), represented by the regent Bishop Valdemar Knudsen (1182–1193), Valdemar II became Danish king in 1202. He associated his elder children to the government. Valdemar (III) the Young c.1209Son of Valdemar II and Dagmar of Bohemia1209–1218 Eleanor of Portugal24 June 1229Ribe Cathedralone child28 November 1231Refsnæs, near Kalundborgaged 21-22 Eric (I) Ploughpenny c.1216First son of Valdemar II and Berengaria of Portugal1218–1232 Jutta of Saxony17 November 1239six children9 August 1250near Gottorf Castleaged 33-34 Abel I c.1218Second son of Valdemar II and Berengaria of Portugal1232 – 29 June 1252Duchy of Schleswig Matilda of Holstein25 April 1237Schleswig Cathedralfour children29 June 1252Eiderstedtaged 33-34 Supported by the counts of Holstein, he became the first ruler of what can be considered a semi-independent Schleswig. Also king of Denmark from 1250. Valdemar III c.1238First son of Abel and Matilda of Holstein29 June 1252 – 1257Duchy of Schleswig Unmarriedc.1257aged 18-19 Eric I c.1242Second son of Abel and Matilda of Holstein1257Christopher I of Denmark recognised him as ruler only in 1260. – 27 May 1272Duchy of Schleswig Margaret of Rugen1259 or 1260three children27 May 1272aged 29-30Brothers of Valdemar III, divided their inheritance. Abel II 1252Third son of Abel and Matilda of Holstein1257 – 2 April 1279Duchy of Schleswig(at Langeland) A daughter of Gunzelin III, Count of Schwerinno children2 April 1279aged 26-27Langeland reabsorbed in Schleswig Valdemar IV c.1265First son of Eric I and Margaret of Rugen27 May 1272Eric V of Denmark recognised him as ruler only in 1283. – 7 July 1312Duchy of Schleswig Elisabeth of Saxe-Lauenburg1287one childAnastasia of Schwerin1306no children7 July 1312aged 46-47 Children of Eric I, divided their inheritance in 1293. Eric Long-Legs 1272Second son of Eric I and Margaret of Rugen1293 – 1310Duchy of Schleswig(at Langeland) Sophia of Querfurt-Rosenbergno children1310aged 37-38Langeland reabsorbed in Schleswig Eric II c.1290Son of Valdemar IV and Elisabeth of Saxe-Lauenburg7 July 1312 – 12 March 1325Duchy of Schleswig Adelaide of Holstein-Rendsburg1313two children12 March 1325aged 34-35 Regency of Gerhard III, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg (1325-1326)Under regency of their uncle, divided their inheritance. In 1326, Valdemar became king of Denmark, while his regent maed himself the Duke of Schleswig. In 1330 Valdemar returned to his position as Duke. In 1340 Helvig married the King of Denmark. Valdemar V c.1314Son of Eric II and Adelaide of Holstein-Rendsburg12 March 1325 – 13261330–1364Duchy of Schleswig(at 3/4 of Schleswig) Richardis of Schwerinc.1329?two childrenc.1364 Helvig 1320Daughter of Eric II and Adelaide of Holstein-Rendsburg12 March 1325 – 1374Duchy of Schleswig(at 1/4 of Schleswig) Valdemar IV of Denmark1340Sønderborg Castlesix children1374Esrum Abbeyaged 53-543/4 Schleswig briefly annexed to Schauenburg control (1326-1330); 1/4 Schleswig to Denmark Henry I c.1342Son of Valdemar V and Richardis of Schwerin1364 – August 1375Duchy of Schleswig(at 3/4 Schleswig) Kunigundeno childrenAugust 1375aged 32-33
House of Schauenburg (1325-1459)
RulerBornReignRuling partConsortDeathNotes Gerhard I the Great 1292Son of Henry I, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg and Heilwig of Bronckhorst1326 – 1330Duchy of Schleswig Sophia of Werle1315four children 1 April 1340Randersaged 47-48 Profited from his regency to decome Duke of Schleswig. Eventually abdicated in 1330.Schleswig returned to Estridsen domain (1330-75) Henry II of Iron 1317First son of Gerhard I and Sophia of WerleAugust 1375 – 1384Duchy of Schleswig Matilda of Lippeone childIngeborg of Mecklenburg-Schwerinbefore 1374four children1384 Nicholas and Henry ruled jointly as sons of Gerhard III. In 1375 they inherited the Duchy of Schleswig from the House of Estridsen. In 1384, with the death of his brother, Nicholas associated his nephews (Gerhard and Albert, sons of Henry) to power. In 1386 he abdicated of Schleswig to his older nephew Gerhard, who assumed alone this lands. Nicholas I 1321Second son of Gerhard I and Sophia of WerleAugust 1375 – 13868 May 1397 Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg1354one child Gerhard II 1367Son of Henry I and Ingeborg of Mecklenburg-Schwerin1386 – 5 August 1404Duchy of Schleswig Catherine Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg1390six children5 August 1404Dithmarschenaged 36-37 After the abdication of Nicholas in Schleswig, Gerhard took over the duchy, and assumed Holstein-Rendsburg only after the former's death in 1397. Regency of Catherine Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Henry III, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg and Prince-Bishop of Osnabrück (1404–1413) Died without descendants. Passed the land to his brothers. Henry II1397First son of Gerhard II and Catherine Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg5 August 1404 – 28 May 1427Duchy of Schleswig Unmarried28 May 1427Flensburgaged 29-30 Adolph 1401Second son of Gerhard II and Catherine Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg28 May 1427 – 4 December 1459Duchy of Schleswig Matildabefore 1433no childrenMargareta of Mansfeld1433no children4 December 1459Bad Segebergaged 57-58 Sons of Gerhard II, ruled jointly in Holstein-Rendsburg. As Gerhard also wanted to rule in Schleswig he claimed (unsuccessfully) this duchy for himself against his brother. Adolph was the mightiest vassal of Danish crown at his time, gaining royal Danish recognition in 1440. After Adolph's death his patrimony is annexed by Denmark. Gerhard III 1404Third son of Gerhard II and Catherine Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg28 May 1427 – 24 July 1433 Agnes of Baden2 June 1432Badenten children24 July 1433Emmerich am Rheinaged 28-29Rendsburg and Schleswig were annexed to Denmark; with the Rendsburg patrimony the Danish formed the Duchy of Holstein
Under domain of Oldenburg
In 1459, after the annexation of both Schleswig and Holstein, Christian I of Denmark created two separate states: the Duchy of Schleswig and Duchy of Holstein, to be ruled by two different branches of the House of Oldenburg over the next few centuries. In 1864, following the Second Schleswig War, the Duchy of Schleswig-Holstein became an occupied territory of the German Confederation and two years later, following the Austro-Prussian War, part of the new Prussian Province of Schleswig-Holstein.
See also List of Danish monarchs List of rulers of Schleswig-Holstein
Notes