The Sironidae are a family of harvestmen with more than 60 described species.
The family shows a Laurasian distribution, with most species found in temperate Europe and the west coast of North America. The only exception is Suzukielus sauteri from Japan.
Name Siro is the Latinized form of the French name "Ciron".
Species Below is from "World Catalog of Opiliones" (as of early 2024, after transfer of Parasiro). See also "List of Cyphophthalmi species"List of Cyphophthalmi species#Boreophthalmi
Arhesiro Karaman, 2022 Arhesiro clousi (Giribet & Shear, 2010)USA (Oregon) Arhesiro sonoma (Shear, 1980)USA (California)
Cyphophthalmus Joseph, 1869 (mostly Balkan) Cyphophthalmus beschkovi (Mitov, 1994) Bulgaria Cyphophtalmus bithynicus (Gruber, 1969)Turkey Cyphophthalmus conocephalus Karaman, 2009Bosnia and Herzegovina Cyphophthalmus corfuanus (Kratochvíl, 1938)Greece Cyphophtalmus duricorius Joseph, 1868Austria, Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia, Italy Cyphophtalmus eratoae (Juberthie, 1968)Greece Cyphophthalmus ere Karaman, 2008Serbia Cyphophthalmus gjorgjevici (Hadzi, 1933)North Macedonia Cyphophthalmus gordani Karaman, 2009Montenegro Cyphophthalmus hlavaci Karaman, 2009Croatia Cyphophthalmus klisurae (Hadzi, 1973)Kosovo - cave Cyphophthalmus kratochvili Karaman, 2009Croatia Cyphophthalmus markoi Karaman, 2008(?) Serbia Cyphophthalmus martensi Karaman, 2009Montenegro Cyphophthalmus minutus (Kratochvíl, 1938) Montenegro, Croatia- cave Cyphophthalmus montenegrinus (Hadzi, 1973)Montenegro Cyphophthalmus neretvanus Karaman, 2009Croatia Cyphophthalmus noctiphilus (Kratochvíl, 1940)Croatia - cave Cyphophthalmus nonveilleri Karaman, 2008 Serbia - cave Cyphophthalmus ognjenovici Karaman, 2009Bosnia and Herzegovina Cyphophthalmus ohridanus (Hadzi, 1973) North Macedonia - cave Cyphophthalmus paradoxus (Kratochvíl, 1958)Bulgaria Cyphophthalmus paragamiani Karaman, 2009Greece Cyphophthalmus rumijae Karaman, 2009Montenegro Cyphophthalmus serbicus (Hadzi, 1973) Serbia Cyphophthalmus silhavyi (Kratochvíl, 1938) Croatia - cave Cyphophthalmus solentiensis Dreszer, Raða & Giribet, 2015Croatia Cyphophthalmus teyrovskyi (Kratochvíl, 1938)Croatia - cave Cyphophthalmus thracicus Karaman, 2009Bulgaria Cyphophthalmus trebinjanus Karaman, 2009Bosnia and Herzegovina Cyphophthalmus yalovensis (Gruber, 1969)Turkey Cyphophthalmus zetae Karaman, 2009Montenegro
Holosiro Ewing, 1923 Holosiro acaroides Ewing, 1923USA (Washington, Oregon, California) Holosiro calaveras (Giribet & Shear, 2010)USA (California) Holosiro ewingi Karaman, 2022USA (Oregon) Holosiro shasta (Giribet & Shear, 2010)USA (California)
Iberosiro de Bivort & Giribet, 2004 Iberosiro distylos de Bivort & Giribet, 2004Portugal - cave Iberosiro rosae Giribet, Merino-Sáinz & Benavides, 2017Spain
Neosiro Newell, 1943 Neosiro boyerae (Giribet & Shear, 2010)USA (Washington, Oregon) Neosiro exilis (Hoffman, 1963)USA (Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland) Neosiro kamiakensis Newell, 1943 USA (Washington, Idaho) Neosiro ligiae (Giribet, 2017) USA (Oregon) Neosiro martensi Karaman, 2022USA (Oregon) Neosiro richarti (Benavides & Giribet, 2017)USA (Idaho) [Also †Neosiro balticus (Dunlop & Mitov, 2011) (fossil, Baltic amber)]
Odontosiro Juberthie, 1961 Odontosiro lusitanicus Juberthie, 1961Portugal, Spain
Paramiopsalis Juberthie, 1962 Paramiopsalis anadonae Giribet, Merino-Sáinz & Benavides, 2017Spain Paramiopsalis eduardoi Murienne & Giribet, 2009Spain Paramiopsalis ramblae Benavides & Giribet, 2017Spain Paramiopsalis ramulosa Juberthie, 1962Spain
Siro Latreille, 1796 (western Europe, North America) Siro carpaticus Rafalski, 1956Poland, Slovakia Siro crassus Novak & Giribet, 2006Slovenia Siro franzi Karaman & Raspotnig, 2022Austria Siro ozimeci Karaman, 2022Croatia Siro rubens Latreille, 1804France Siro valleorum Chemini, 1990Italy †Siro platypedibus Dunlop & Giribet, 2003 (fossil, Bitterfield amber from Bitterfeld, Germany)
Suzukielus Juberthie, 1970 Suzukielus sauteri (Roewer, 1916)Japan
The following genus is no longer included in Sironidae, but also not yet included in any new family:
Marwe Shear, 1985 (Kenya) Marwe coarctata Shear, 1985
References
Further reading
(eds.) (2007). Harvestmen – The Biology of Opiliones. Harvard University Press, USA.
(2005): The genus Cyphophthalmus (Arachnida, Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi) in Europe: A phylogenetic approach to Balkan Peninsula biogeography. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 36(3): 554-567.
Checklist of the Cyphophthalmi species of the World
External links