History provides many examples of notable diasporas. The Eurominority.eu map (the European Union) Peoples of the World includes some diasporas and underrepresented/stateless ethnic groups.
Note: the list below is not definitive and includes groups that have not been given significant historical attention. Whether the migration of some of the groups listed fulfils the conditions required to be considered a diaspora may be open for debate.
A Acadian diaspora – In 1755, during the French and Indian War, the French-speaking population of Acadia was expelled by the British colonial government, in an event that has come to be known as the Great Upheaval or Grand Dérangement: Expulsion of the Acadians. Although an order in council was passed in 1764 to allow the Acadians to return, many settled in other parts of North America, including a large population in Louisiana, where they became known as the Cajuns. Afghan refugees – fled their country throughout the 20th century, especially to nearby Pakistan, India and Iran. Since 1980, over half a million Afghans migrated to Europe (many to Great Britain and Germany), while a quarter of a million went to North America (the US and Canada), and less than 50,000 settled in Australia. There are around 25,000 people of Afghan descent living in Hamburg alone. As with the Durand Line issue, some deny Afghan as being considered an ethnicity and consider only Pashtuns from Pakistan and Afghanistan to be Afghans as opposed to non-Pashtuns in Afghanistan. In the old definition of Afghan, it refers to just Pashtun people, and can especially imply Muslim communities in the Indian subcontinent, (and those that migrated into the Caribbean region) most of which have forgot Pashto and replaced with the language of their host region. These assimilated communities were endogamous at the time keeping the members ancestrally homogenous, however the partition of India caused miscegenation to be high in many of such communities. Patrilineal descent is the typical indication of such ancestry. African diaspora – Black African diasporas. This includes Afro-Caribbeans, Afro-Europeans (e.g. Black British), Afro-Latin Americans and Black Canadians.
African Americans: The 2010 US Census stated 43 million overall, but between 35 and 50 million or 12-15% of the US population are Black or of Sub-Saharan African descent. They tend to be descendants of slaves brought to the New World in the 1600s-early 19th century until the practice was made illegal in 1865 after the US Civil War (the United States or Union defeated the seceded Confederacy in the southern states). Significant immigration of African-descended populations from the Caribbean, plus direct immigration from Sub-Saharan Africa, began in the 20th century. African Australians – part of the African diaspora in Australia. Note that in Australia, the term "African Australian" refers strictly to people who migrated directly from Africa to Australia, or had an ancestor do so. Immigrants from the African diaspora (such as Caribbeans and African Americans) are not included in the term. Agudas - Formerly enslaved Afro-Brazilians who migrated to West Africa (modern Nigeria, Togo and Benin) in the 19th century, both due to deportations after the Malê revolt and to voluntary migration for cultural or economic reasons. They are known as the Tabom people in Ghana. Albanian diaspora – 2.8 million live in Albania, with an estimated 8.5 million world total (the largest populations being in Italy, Greece, Turkey, the United States, Canada and Australia). The largest concentration of Albanians outside the country is in neighbouring Kosovo. Other Albanian enclaves are in southern Serbia, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and coastal Croatia. Another population of ethnic Albanians, known as the Arbereshe, has lived in southern Italy, especially in regions of Abruzzo, Calabria, Campania, Naples, Apulia and Sicily for over eight centuries. In the 19th and 20th centuries, repeated large waves of Albanian emigration took place as Albanians moved to northern and western Europe (i.e. France, Germany, Hungary, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom.), the former Soviet Union, North America (the U.S. – see Albanian American and with smaller numbers in Mexico and South America), Australia and across Asia (the former Ottoman Empire in the Middle East).
Americans living abroad – People from the United States (US), largest numbers in Mexico and Canada, as well in Liberia (African-Americans), Israel (American Jews), Japan (off the Asian continent), and throughout Asia (South Korea and Philippines), Europe (i.e. France and the UK) and the (Latin) Americas.
Arab diaspora – around 30 million Arabs have left the Arab world escaping hotspots, and conflicts areas, those who have migrated from the Arab world, now reside in Western Europe, the Americas (e.g. Detroit has the largest Arab-American community), Australia and elsewhere. (See especially Lebanese, Syrians and Palestinians).
Argentine diaspora – People from Argentina known as Argentines whom live overseas in communities across the Americas (like Uruguay and Brazil until the 1990s), western Europe (esp. Spain, Italy, Germany, France and the United Kingdom.) and elsewhere (i.e. Israel), mainly are political refugees from the military junta in the late 1970s and 1980s, (see also Argentine Americans in the USA.).
Armenian diaspora – Armenians living in their ancient homeland, which had been controlled by the Ottoman Empire for centuries, fled persecution, massacres and genocide during several periods of forced emigration, from the 1880s to the 1920s. Many Armenians settled in the United States, a majority of whom live in the state of California (see Armenian Americans), France, Canada, Greece, Cyprus, Iran, Lebanon, Russia, Syria, and a small orphan population in the former Ethiopian Empire.
Asian Americans – made up of mainly East Asian peoples in the United States, esp. of other diasporas like Chinese (the largest), Japanese and Filipino, the largest concentrations are in California like the city of San Francisco (35%, while 20% of the city are Chinese+4% Taiwanese) and Los Angeles; the state of Hawaii – over half (60%) of state population, and New York City. Assyrian diaspora – a Semitic Christian population of the Middle East (originally they lived in Assyria). In the 20th century, millions of Assyrians left the Middle East due to ongoing ethnic, political and religious persecution. Assyrian communities flourish in the United States, Canada, Australia and throughout Western Europe. Australian diaspora – About 750,000 Australian expatriates live outside of Australia, mostly business executives and retired people seeking a new place to live. There are large Australian communities in New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and North America; and smaller groups in Europe, Africa (especially South Africa), the Middle East (particularly the United Arab Emirates), east and south Asia (including Thailand and Papua New Guinea), and Latin America (like Costa Rica, esp. Brazil, Chile, and Argentina).
Azerbaijani diaspora – About 35 million people, the communities of Azerbaijanis living outside of places of their ethnic origin: Azerbaijan Republic and Iranian Azerbaijan. The term Azerbaijani diaspora refers to the global community of ethnic Azeris.
B Bangladeshi diaspora – members of the Bangladeshi diaspora may have moved abroad for better living conditions, to give western education to their children, to escape poverty, to support their financial condition or to send money back to families in Bangladesh. The countries and regions with the largest Bangladeshi populations include the Middle East (notably Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates), Malaysia and parts of the western world, including the United Kingdom and Italy. Basque diaspora – Basques who left the Basque Country in northern Spain and southwest France, usually to the Americas (esp. the western U.S., Chile – where 10-20% of the population are of Basque descent, Uruguay, Colombia, Venezuela and Mexico) for economic or political reasons. There are also Basque Catholic missionaries across the world, as well Basque fishermen in Canada (Newfoundland), Northern Europe, East Asia, and Oceania (Australia).
Bengali Hindu diaspora – the worldwide population of the Bengali Hindus of Indian and Bangladeshi origin. Bihari – Pakistani Muslims of different ethnic origins in Bengal, India and Bangladesh, a small percentage of population left over from Pakistan's rule of Bangladesh (then East Pakistan) from 1947 to 1971. Bosnian diaspora – grew substantially during the Bosnian war. It mainly consists of Bosniaks but also out of Bosnian Croats and Bosnian Serbs. Many Bosnians live in the United States, mostly in large cities like St. Louis, Missouri; Chicago; New York City; Washington, D.C., Boston, Massachusetts; and Los Angeles; and many live in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Sweden, Norway, Italy, Austria, Croatia, Serbia, Switzerland and Turkey.
Brazilian diaspora – Motivated by factors such as the elevated levels of corruption, violence, unemployment, poverty, income inequality, taxation, among other reasons. Has been characterized by two large waves. The first wave started during the 1980s, a period known in Latin America as The Lost Decade (in Brazil, more precisely after the end of the military dictatorship in 1985, when the direct democracy was reinstated with the beginning of the New Republic). During this period, despite several attempts made by the then-Presidents to stabilize the economy, the country suffered a series of successive economic crises that lasted until the early 2000s, culminating in issues like hyperinflation, samba effect, privatization of the water system, among other consequences. Because of this, many Brazilians decided to move abroad looking for a better life. The second one was larger and started during the 2014 economic crisis, when a record number of Brazilians started to leave the country. This emigration continued to escalate in later years until the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic in the country in February 2020. Throughout history, it is estimated that about 3.1 million Brazilians have moved to other countries, mainly the United States, Paraguay, Japan and Portugal. In the United States, many Brazilians try to accomplish what is known as The American Dream. They generally live in communities where there are a large number of countrymen. They are most found in the states of Florida, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey and California. In Paraguay, where the Brazilian immigrants are known as Brasiguayos, most of them work either in agricultural lands located in rural areas or selling products for Brazilians in several retail stores opened by them in Ciudad del Este, a city located near the Triple Frontier with Brazil and Argentina. In Japan, most immigrants are Japanese Brazilians who are direct descendants of the Japanese immigrants who moved to Brazil, especially to the community they formed during the early 20th century in the district of Liberdade, located in the city of São Paulo. In Portugal, many Brazilians are attracted by the ease to speak Portuguese (the European Portuguese dialect does not have large differences compared to Brazilian Portuguese), and considering the large number of Brazilians who have Portuguese ancestry, many of them have decided to apply for the acquisition of the Portuguese citizenship using the principle of jus sanguinis.
Breton diaspora - The population from Brittany, Celtic region in north-western France who have emigrated temporarily or permanently outside the borders of this region, while maintaining links with it. Bretons chiefly migrated to France, Canada, the United States and Caribbean islands but also in the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand among others.