Gastrodia, commonly known as potato orchids, is a genus of terrestrial leafless orchids in the family Orchidaceae, about ninety of which have been described. Orchids in this genus have fleshy, upright stems and small to medium-sized resupinate flowers with narrow sepals and petals. They are native to Asia (China, the Russian Far East, Japan, Korea, Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent), Australia, New Zealand, central Africa, and various islands of the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
Description Orchids in the genus Gastrodia are leafless, terrestrial, mycotrophic herbs with a fleshy, underground rhizome and an upright flowering stem with a few to many brownish, resupinate flowers. The sepals and petals are fused to form a bell-shaped or irregular tube with the tips free. The petals are usually much smaller than the sepals and the labellum has three lobes and is fully enclosed in the tube.
Taxonomy The genus Gastrodia was first formally described in 1810 by Robert Brown and the description was published in Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen. The type species is Gastrodia sesamoides.
List of species The following is a list of species of Gastrodia recognised by Plants of the World Online as of September 2021:
Gastrodia abscondita J.J.Sm. - Java Gastrodia africana Kraenzl. - Cameroon Gastrodia agnicellus Hermans & P.J.Cribb - Madagascar Gastrodia albida T.C.Hsu, & C.M.Kuo - Taiwan Gastrodia albidoides Y.H.Tan & T.C.Hsu - Yunnan Gastrodia amamiana Suetsugu - Japan Gastrodia angusta S.Chow & S.C.Chen - Yunnan Gastrodia appendiculata C.S.Leou & N.J.Chung Gastrodia arunachalensis S.N.Hegde & A.N.Rao – Arunachal Pradesh Gastrodia ballii P.J.Cribb & Browning - Malawi, Zimbabwe, Mozambique Gastrodia bambu Metusala - Java Gastrodia bawanglingensis Z.Heng Chen, Z.Yang Zhang & X.Q.Song Gastrodia boninensis Tuyama - Ogasawara-shoto (Bonin Islands of Japan) Gastrodia cajanoae Barcelona & Pelser - Java, Taiwan Gastrodia callosa J.J.Sm. - Java, Taiwan Gastrodia celebica Schltr. - Sulawesi Gastrodia clausa T.C.Hsu, S.W.Chung & C.M.Kuo - Taiwan, Okinawa Gastrodia confusa Honda & Tuyama - Taiwan, Korea, Japan, Bonin Islands, Ryukyu Islands Gastrodia confusoides T.C.Hsu, S.W.Chung & C.M.Kuo - Taiwan Gastrodia cooperae Lehnebach & J.R.Rolfe - New Zealand Gastrodia crassisepala L.O.Williams - New Guinea Gastrodia crebriflora D.L.Jones - Queensland Gastrodia crispa J.J.Sm. – Java Gastrodia cunninghamii Hook.f. - Vanuatu, New Zealand (including Chatham Island) Gastrodia damingshanensis A.Q.Hu & T.C.Hsu Gastrodia daweishanensis A.Q.Hu & T.C.Hsu Gastrodia dewildeorum Schuit. Gastrodia dyeriana King & Pantl. - Sikkim, Darjiling Gastrodia effusa P.T.Ong & P.O'Byrne - Sabah, Peninsular Malaysia Gastrodia elata Blume - much of China (including Tibet and Taiwan), Japan, Korea, Russian Far East, Assam, Bhutan, Nepal Gastrodia elatoides W.C.Huang, G.W.Hu & Q.F.Wang - Madagascar Gastrodia exilis Hook.f. - India, Assam, Thailand, Sumatra Gastrodia falconeri D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. - Pakistan, northern India, Nepal Gastrodia fimbriata Suddee - Thailand Gastrodia flavilabella S.S.Ying - Taiwan Gastrodia flexistyla T.C.Hsu & C.M.Kuo - Taiwan Gastrodia foetida Koidz. Gastrodia fontinalis T.P.Lin - Taiwan Gastrodia fujianensis Liang Ma, Xin Y.Chen & S.P.Chen - China (Fujian) Gastrodia gracilis Blume - Taiwan, Honshu Gastrodia grandilabris Carr - Sabah Gastrodia gunatillekeorum Bandara, Priyankara & Kumar - Sri Lanka Gastrodia holttumii Carr Gastrodia huapingenisi X.Y.Huang, A.Q.Hu & Yan Liu Gastrodia indica M.Khanal Gastrodia isabelensis T.C.Hsu Gastrodia javanica (Blume) Lindl. - Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Taiwan, Fujian, Ryukyu Islands Gastrodia kachinensis X.H.Jin & L.A.Ye – Myanmar Gastrodia kaohsiungensis T.P.Lin – Taiwan Gastrodia kuroshimensis Suetsugu - Japan Gastrodia lacista D.L.Jones - Western Australia Gastrodia leoui T.C.Hsu & C.M.Kuo Gastrodia leucochila T.C.Hsu & Z.H.Chen Gastrodia longiflora Suetsugu Gastrodia longistyla Q.Liu, J.D.Ya & X.H.Jin Gastrodia longitubularis Q.W.Meng, X.Q.Song & Y.B.Luo - Hainan Gastrodia madagascariensis H.Perrier ex Martos & Bytebier - Madagascar Gastrodia major Aver. - Vietnam Gastrodia maliauensis Suetsugu, Suleiman & Tsukaya - Borneo (Sabah) Gastrodia menghaiensis Z.H.Tsi & S.C.Chen - Yunnan Gastrodia minor Petrie - New Zealand Gastrodia mishmensis A.N.Rao, Harid. & S.N.Hegde Gastrodia molloyi Lehneback & J.R.Rolfe - New Zealand Gastrodia munasingheae Atthan., C.Bandara & Kumar Gastrodia nantoensis T.C.Hsu, C.M.Kuo ex T.P.Lin Gastrodia nipponica Honda) Tuyama - Taiwan, Japan, Ryukyu Islands Gastrodia nipponicoides Suetsugu Gastrodia × nippouraiensis Suetsugu & T.C.Hsu - Nansei-shoto Gastrodia okinawensis Suetsugu Gastrodia papuana Schltr. - New Guinea Gastrodia peichatieniana S.S.Ying Gastrodia phangngaensis Suddee Gastrodia procera G.W.Carr - N.S.W., Vic., A.C.T., Tas. Gastrodia pubilabiata Y.Sawa - Taiwan, Japan Gastrodia punctata Aver. - Vietnam Gastrodia pushparaga Gopallawa, A.Perera & Madola Gastrodia putaoensis X.H.Jin - Myanmar Gastrodia qingyunshanensis Jiu X.Huang, H.Xu & H.J.Yang Gastrodia queenslandica Dockrill - Queensland Gastrodia rubinea T.P.Lin - Taiwan Gastrodia rwandensis Eb.Fisch. & Killmann - Rwanda Gastrodia sabahensis J.J.Wood & A.L.Lamb Gastrodia selabintanensis Tsukaya & Hidayat Gastrodia sesamoides R.Br. - Australia Gastrodia shimizuana Tuyama - Iriomote, Taiwan Gastrodia sikkimensis M.Khanal & S.Sarkar Gastrodia silentvalleyana C.S.Kumar, P.C.S.Kumar, Sibi & S.Anil Kumar - Kerala Gastrodia similis Bosser - Réunion Gastrodia solomonensis T.C.Hsu Gastrodia spatulata (Carr) J.J.Wood - Sabah Gastrodia stapfii Hayata Gastrodia sui C.S.Leou, T.C.Hsu & C.R.Yeh - Taiwan Gastrodia surcula D.L.Jones - New South Wales Gastrodia taiensis Tuyama - Vietnam Gastrodia takeshimensis Suetsugu Gastrodia tembatensis P.T.Ong & P.O'Byrne - Peninsular Malaysia Gastrodia theana Aver. - Vietnam Gastrodia thilakapremae Atthan., C.Bandara & Kumar Gastrodia tonkinensis Aver. & Averyanova Gastrodia tuberculata F.Y.Liu & S.C.Chen - Yunnan Gastrodia umbrosa B.Gray - Queensland Gastrodia uraiensis T.C.Hsu & C.M.Kuo - Taiwan Gastrodia urceolata D.L. Jones - Queensland Gastrodia verrucosa Blume - Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Sumatra Gastrodia vescula D.L.Jones - South Australia Gastrodia wuyishanensis Da M.Li & C.D.Liu - Fujian Gastrodia zeylanica Schltr. - Sri Lanka
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