USS Caledonia may refer to the following ships of the United States Navy:
, was captured off Fort Erie, Ontario, 8 October 1812, purchased by the Navy on 6 February 1813 and sold May 1815. Steamship Caledonia was acquired by the U.S. Navy and served as in 1859–1864 and was later returned to commercial service as the SS Alliance. , was an cargo ship, which served from 1945 until 1946.