The name Caelius (sometimes spelled Coelius) is an ancient Roman nomen and may refer to:
Caelius Vibenna (8th century BC), a noble Etruscan Gaius Coelius Caldus or Caelius (2nd–1st century BC), a consul of the Roman Republic Marcus Caelius Rufus (1st century BC), an orator and politician in the late Roman Republic Marcus Caelius (45 BC–9 AD), a senior centurion of the Imperial Roman army Marcus Roscius Caelius (1st century AD), a Roman military officer Balbinus or Decimus Caelius Calvinus Balbinus (178–238), Roman Emperor Lactantius or Lucius Caecilius Firmianus Lactantius (250–325), an early Christian author Caelius Aconius Probianus (fl. 461-471), a politician of the Western Roman Empire Caelius Sedulius (5th century AD), a Christian poet Caelius Aurelianus (5th century AD), a Roman physician and writer Caelius Rhodiginus (1469–1525), a Venetian writer and professor Caelius Calcagninus (1479-1541), an Italian humanist and scientist Caelius Secundus Curio (1503–1569), an Italian humanist, editor and historian
Political Caelius, a codename used in letters between Cicero and Atticus, concerning a plot in the Roman Civil War
Other uses Collis Caelius, one of the Seven Hills of Rome, Italy Caelius (beetle), a genus of scarab beetles in the subfamily Aegialiinae
See also Caelia gens, a plebeian family at Rome