The Co-operative Party () is a centre-left political party in the United Kingdom, supporting co-operative values and principles. The party currently has an electoral pact with the Labour Party. Established in 1917, the Co-operative Party was founded by co-operative societies to campaign politically for the fairer treatment of co-operative enterprise and to elect co-operators to Parliament. The party's roots lie in the Parliamentary Committee of the Co-operative Union established in 1881. The current Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Andy Burnham is a Labour and Co-operative MP.
Since 1927, the Co-operative Party has had an electoral pact with the Labour Party, with the parties agreeing not to stand candidates against each other. Candidates selected by members of both parties contest elections using the description "Labour and Co-operative Party". The Co-operative Party is a legally separate entity from the Labour Party, and is registered as a political party with the Electoral Commission. Co-operative Party members are not permitted to be members of any other political party in the UK apart from the Labour Party or Northern Ireland's Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP).
, the Co-operative Party was the fourth-largest party in the House of Commons, with 44 members of parliament (MP). As all of its MPs sit with the Parliamentary Labour Party, this distinction is seldom made. The Co-operative Party also has representatives in the House of Lords, the Scottish Parliament, the Senedd, the London Assembly and some local government authorities. In keeping with its co-operative values and principles, the Co-operative Party does not have a leader. Instead Joe Fortune is its General Secretary, Preet Kaur Gill chairs the Co-operative Party Parliamentary Group, and Jim McMahon chairs the National Executive Committee.
History The Co‑operative Party was formed in 1917, after being approved in May of that year by the Congress of the British co-operative movement, held in Swansea. Since an electoral pact was established in 1927, the party has stood joint candidates with the Labour Party. In 1938, the Co‑operative Party adopted a written constitution that formalised its link with the Labour Party. Co‑operative Party candidates first stood in elections under the 'Labour Co‑operative' banner in 1946.
Sam Perry was the first national secretary of the party, serving from 1917 until 1942. In that capacity, he spoke at many meetings across the country. He was the Labour and Co‑operative MP for Kettering in 1923–1924 and 1929–1931, and was the father of the British tennis and table tennis champion Fred Perry.
In its formative years, the Co‑operative Party was almost exclusively concerned with the trading and commercial problems of the co‑operative movement. Since the 1930s, it has widened its emphasis, using influence gained through strong links with the political and commercial left to spread what it sees as the co‑operative ethos and moral principles. The party now seeks recognition for co‑operative enterprises and the 'social economy', and support for co‑operatives and co‑operation across Europe and the developing world. The party stands for a sustainable economy and society, and a culture of citizenship and socially responsible business, as represented by the practice of retail and industrial co‑operatives.
Joint Parliamentary Committee The Joint Parliamentary Committee was set up in 1881 by The Co-operative Union. It was primarily a watchdog on parliamentary activities. Issues and legislation could be raised in the House of Commons only by lobbying sympathetic – usually Labour – MPs. As it was somewhat unsatisfactory to have to lobby MPs on each individual issue, motions were passed at the Co-operative Union Annual Congress urging direct parliamentary representation. However, for much of this early period societies would not commit funds.
First World War and early years At the start of the First World War, the many retail societies in the co‑operative movement grew in both membership and trade; this was due, in part, to their very public anti‑profiteering stance. When conscription was introduced and food and fuel supplies were restricted, these societies began to suffer. The movement was under‑represented on the various governmental distribution committees and tribunals. Co‑operatives received minimal supplies, and even management were often drafted, whereas business opponents were able to have even clerks declared vital for the war effort. Societies were also required to pay excess profits tax, although their co‑operative nature meant that they made no profits. A motion was tabled at the 1917 Congress, held in Swansea, by the Joint Parliamentary Committee and 104 retail societies, calling for direct representation at national and local government levels. The motion was passed by 1,979 votes to 201.
At first, Co-operative Party candidates still stood separately from Labour in local elections. The Co-op Party's Congress Reports listed the local authority candidates and their successes, listing them as (a) Co-operative, (b) Co-operative-Labour, or (c) Labour. Before 1946, there was no requirement that Co-operative Party candidates had also to be members of the Labour Party. The Co-operative Party presented itself as the representative of the members of its affiliated Co-operative Societies. Hence the Party claimed more than 11 million members in each of the six years 1962–67. At times, the Party presented itself as non-political. In his 1932 election address, High Wycombe's first-elected Co-operative Party councillor Tom Collings wrote, "The Chesham and Wycombe Co-operative Society, as one of the largest ratepayers in the town, claims the right of DIRECT REPRESENTATION ON THE COUNCIL. ... Our Co-operative Party is not affiliated to any Political Party, but like the [Co-operative] Society itself, is composed of members having divers political views."
Central Co-operative Parliamentary Representation Committee An Emergency Political Conference was held on 18 October 1917. As a result, the Central Co-operative Parliamentary Representation Committee was formed in 1917, with the objective of putting co-operators into the House of Commons. This was soon renamed the Co-operative Party. The first national secretary was Samuel Perry, later a Member of Parliament and the father of Fred Perry. At first, the party put forward its own candidates. The first was H. J. May, later Secretary of the International Co-operative Alliance, who was unsuccessful at the January 1918 Prestwich by-election. Ten then stood in the 1918 general election. One candidate met with success, Alfred Waterson, who became a Member of Parliament for the Kettering seat. Waterson took the Labour whip in Parliament. In 1919, 151 Co-operative Party councillors were elected at local level. Waterson retired from Parliament in 1922, but four new Co-operative MPs were elected that same year, including A. V. Alexander, all of whom took the Labour whip. Six were elected in 1923 and five in 1924.
In the early years, Co-operative Party and Labour Party candidates stood against one another for election on at least one occasion, at Paisley in 1923, where a candidate nominated by the local Labour Party won enough votes to deny victory to J. M. Biggar of the Co-operative Party. Since the Cheltenham Agreement was made in 1927 the party has had an electoral agreement with the Labour Party, which allows for a limited number of Labour Co-operative candidates. This means that the parties involved do not oppose each other. The agreement has been amended several times, most recently in 2003, which was made in the name of the Co-operative Party rather than the Co-operative Union. After the formal agreement, nine Labour Co-operative MPs were elected at the 1929 general election, and Alexander was made a cabinet minister. However, only one was returned at the 1931 election against the backdrop of a massive defeat for Labour.
Rise of sister party Labour's recovery as a credible party of government during World War II and the formal links and local affiliations brought by the 1927 agreement saw benefits electorally for the Co-operative Party. In 1945, 23 Labour Co-operative MPs were elected and two held high office in the Labour government: Alexander and Alfred Barnes, who had been chair of the party.
With Labour's fluctuating fortunes and the slow post-war decline of the co-operative movement, the party saw its influence and standing fall. By 1983, another nadir for Labour fortunes, only eight Labour Co-operative MPs were elected. In 1997, all 23 candidates won seats in Parliament and, after Labour assumed power, the party gained its first members of the Cabinet since A. V. Alexander: Alun Michael 1998–99 (later First Minister for Wales) and Ed Balls 2007–2010. In 2001, only one candidate was defeated: Faye Tinnion, who had stood against the Leader of the Conservative Party, William Hague.
In the 2026 Labour Party leadership election, Andy Burnham became the first Labour Co-op Member of Parliament to become leader of the Labour Party. He is also the first Labour Co-op MP to become Prime Minister since taking office on 20 July 2026.
Organisation and structure
The Co-operative Party is a membership organisation consisting of individual members as well as local, regional and national Co-operative Parties and affiliated co-operative societies and trade unions. Unlike other parties with representatives elected to Parliament, the Co-operative Party does not receive state funding and gets most of its income from membership subscriptions and affiliation fees. The party organisation is itself a co-operative society, registered with the Financial Conduct Authority.
The party's highest decision-making body is the National Executive Committee (NEC), which is elected every three years by individual members, affiliated co-operatives and trade unions, the Co-operative Party Parliamentary Group, and Co-operatives UK. An annual conference takes place each autumn to debate policy, discuss the party's work and vote on motions, although its resolutions are only advisory on the NEC. The Co-operative Party Parliamentary Group co-ordinates the work of the party's MPs and peers in Parliament.
Affiliates Six of the UK's largest consumer co-operatives are affiliated to the Co-operative Party: the Co-operative Group, Midcounties Co-operative, Central England Co-operative, East of England Co-operative, Scotmid Co-operative and Chelmsford Star Co-operative. The members of each co-operative society vote to approve affiliation to the party at their annual general meeting. The largest society and funder of the party is the Co-operative Group, which ballots its members each year on continued support for the Co-operative Party. At the May 2019 AGM, 79% of Co-operative Group members voted in favour of continued affiliation and that year donated £625,600 (2018: £625,600) to the Co-operative Party.
In 2016, Community became the first trade union to affiliate to the Co-operative Party, followed in 2018 by the Union of Shop, Distributive and Allied Workers (Usdaw). Co-operatives UK, Co-operative Press and a number of worker co-operatives and housing co-operatives are also organisational members of the party.
Local structure The local structure of the Co-operative Party is based on autonomous units known as Society Co-operative Parties, which operate in a similar way to Constituency Labour Parties (CLPs). Co-operative societies sponsor Society Co-operative Parties in their traditional areas of operation, which will often take the name of the supporting society (i.e. East of England Co-operative Party and East of England Co-operative).