Carabus is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, and was first described in 1758 by Carl Linnaeus.Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae, per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Tomus I. iv + 823 pp
The genus is highly diverse with 94 subgenera, over 900 species and 2300 subspecies, thus is the largest genus in the subfamily Carabinae. The vast majority are native to the Palearctic, but 16 Nearctic species are also known. Carabus species are long, and most species are wingless and often very colourful. These are nocturnal, predatory beetles that feed on snails, earthworms, and caterpillars. Most Carabus species were thought to have inhabited the Eurasian forest, but their low dispersal abilities altered the distribution of lineages within the genus.
Diet Adult Carabus feed on both small live and dead animals such as slugs, snails, earthworms, and insects in all stages, sometimes dead vertebrates. The ways of feeding on snails are different for their adaptations, as macrocephalic beetles feed on snails by crushing the snail shell, and stenocephalic beetles feed on snails by inserting their heads into the snail shell.
Species
Subgenus Acathaicus Reitter, 1896 Carabus alexandrae Semenov, 1887
Subgenus Acoptolabrus A.Morawitz, 1886
Carabus changgeonleei (Ishikawa & Kim, 1983) Carabus constricticollis (Kraatz, 1886) Carabus gehinii Fairmaire, 1876 Carabus haeckeli Brezina & Imura, 1997 Carabus jingkeanus A.Müller, 2007 Carabus leechi (Bates, 1888) Carabus lopatini A.Morawitz, 1886 Carabus mirabilissimus (Ishikawa & Deuve, 1982) Carabus planicranion Rapuzzi, 2015 Carabus schrenckii (Motschulsky, 1860)
Subgenus Acoptopterus Lapouge, 1927
Carabus agamemnon Breuning, 1943 Carabus andreiianus Deuve, 2007 Carabus anhuinus Imura, 1996 Carabus baimanorum Deuve, 1999 Carabus baogai Häckel & Sehnal, 2009 Carabus battoniensis Deuve, 1991 Carabus bornianus G.Hauser, 1922 Carabus dabashanus Imura, 1995 Carabus daiyunshan Kleinfeld, 1998 Carabus dongchuanicus Deuve, 1994 Carabus donjuan (Imura, 2011) Carabus dreuxioides Deuve, 1998 Carabus emanuelei Imura, 1997 Carabus fontellus Deuve, 1997 Carabus jinnanicus Deuve & Tian, 2006 Carabus koidei Imura, 1996 Carabus kucerai Deuve, 1997 Carabus kweitshauensis Mandl, 1975 Carabus lacertosus Cavazzuti, 2008 Carabus latipennis Breuning, 1932 Carabus ludingensis Deuve & Vigna Taglianti, 1992 Carabus maowenensis Deuve, 2001 Carabus mianningensis Kleinfeld, 2000 Carabus mirandus Cavazzuti & Rapuzzi, 2005 Carabus morphocaraboides Deuve, 1989 Carabus nanosomus (G.Hauser, 1931) Carabus nestor (Breuning, 1934) Carabus oblongior Deuve, 1992 Carabus ohomopteroides Deuve & Tian, 2004 Carabus paris Breuning, 1932 Carabus platyfluvius Imura, 2012 Carabus pseudolatipennis Deuve, 1991 Carabus relictus Semenov, 1898 Carabus roccaianus Deuve, 2011 Carabus tianbaoshan Kleinfeld, 1998 Carabus tieguanzi Imura, 1990 Carabus vigil Semenov, 1898 Carabus vigilax Bates, 1890 Carabus wutaishanicus A.Müller, 2000 Carabus xupuensis Kleinfeld, 1998 Carabus yunnanus Fairmaire, 1886
Subgenus Acrocarabus Lapouge, 1930 Carabus callisthenoides Semenov, 1888 Carabus guerini Fischer von Waldheim, 1842
Subgenus Alipaster Reitter, 1896
Carabus barovskii Semenov & Znojko, 1932 Carabus dengyuani Deuve & Tian, 2012 Carabus dshungaricola Deuve, 1990 Carabus eokirgisicus Kabak, 1990 Carabus eous A.Morawitz, 1889 Carabus eugeniellus Obydov, 2000 Carabus foreli G.Hauser, 1922 Carabus hiekei Kabak & Kryzhanovskij, 1990 Carabus infantulus A.Morawitz, 1886 Carabus karkarensis Kabak & Ovtshinnikov, 1994 Carabus khalyktauensis Kabak, 2005 Carabus kiritschenkoi Breuning, 1934 Carabus malkovskyi Kabak, 1990 Carabus manap Brezina & Kabak, 1993 Carabus pauliani Deuve, 2004 Carabus pupulus A.Morawitz, 1889 Carabus rueckbeili Breuning, 1932 Carabus semenovianus Breuning, 1932 Carabus semenoviellus Breuning, 1932 Carabus shirtalensis Gottwald, 1990 Carabus thianshanskii Breuning, 1932 Carabus tianshanicola Deuve & Tian, 2003 Carabus valikhanovi Kabak, 1990
Subgenus Apoplesius Deuve, 1990 Carabus omphreodes Reitter, 1898
Subgenus Apotomopterus Hope, 1838
Carabus adolescens (G.Hauser, 1925) Carabus aeneocupreus (G.Hauser, 1932) Carabus ajax Breuning, 1933 Carabus angermaieri Kleinfeld, 2008 Carabus anlongensis Deuve & Tian, 2006 Carabus antoniettae Cavazzuti, 2002 Carabus anxiensis Kleinfeld, 1998 Carabus arrowi G.Hauser, 1913 Carabus benardi Breuning, 1931 Carabus birmanus Andrewes, 1929 Carabus boulbenianus Deuve, 1996 Carabus bousquetellus Deuve, 1998 Carabus breuningianus Lemoult, 1930 Carabus candidiequus (Imura, 2009) Carabus cantonensis (G.Hauser, 1918) Carabus caoyutangicus Deuve, 2009 Carabus casaleianus Deuve, 1994 Carabus cavazzutiellus Deuve, 2002 Carabus cenwangensis Deuve & Tian, 2002 Carabus chadianus Cavazzuti & Ratti, 1999 Carabus cheni Deuve, 1992 Carabus chenianus Deuve & Tian, 1999 Carabus circe Cavazzuti & Ratti, 1998 Carabus clermontianus Breuning, 1933 Carabus cyanopterus G.Hauser, 1919 Carabus dabamontanus Imura, 1996 Carabus dapanshanicus Deuve, 2013 Carabus datianshanicus Kleinfeld, 1997 Carabus davidis H.Deyrolle, 1878 Carabus dechambreianus Deuve & Li, 2000 Carabus delavayi Fairmaire, 1886 Carabus dilatatipennis Rapuzzi & Cavazzuti, 2006 Carabus ebian Cavazzuti & Rapuzzi, 2010 Carabus eccoptopteroides Rapuzzi, 2012 Carabus eccoptopterus (Kraatz, 1894) Carabus elektra Kleinfeld, 2004 Carabus elliptipennis Deuve, 1995 Carabus fallettiellus Deuve, 1998 Carabus fanjinensis Deuve & Tian, 2001 Carabus feae Gestro, 1888 Carabus flavihervosus (Imura, 2009) Carabus foveatus (G.Hauser, 1913) Carabus francottei Rapuzzi, 2012 Carabus fushuangensis Deuve, 1997 Carabus gracilithorax Deuve, 1989 Carabus grossefoveatus (G.Hauser, 1913) Carabus guangxicus Deuve, 1989 Carabus guibeicus Deuve & Tian, 1999 Carabus guzhangensis Kleinfeld, 1998 Carabus hera Kleinfeld, 2000 Carabus hiekeianus Deuve, 1991 Carabus huangianus Deuve & Tian, 2003 Carabus hubeicus Deuve, 1991 Carabus ichangensis Bates, 1889 Carabus inagakii Deuve, 1991 Carabus infirmior (G.Hauser, 1924) Carabus inventoides Deuve & Li in Deuve, 2000 Carabus inventus Cavazzuti, 1999 Carabus jingliae Deuve & Tian, 2019 Carabus jingzhongensis Deuve & Tian, 2005 Carabus kafka Kleinfeld & Reuter, 2010 Carabus keithi Deuve, 1995 Carabus koiwayai Deuve & Imura, 1990 Carabus korellianus Kleinfeld, 2002 Carabus kouanping Maindron, 1906 Carabus kouichii Imura & Mizusawa, 1997 Carabus kryzhanovskianus Deuve, 1992 Carabus lamarcki Deuve, 1994 Carabus lambrechti Kleinfeld, 2006 Carabus laoshanicus Imura, 1995 Carabus leda Kleinfeld, 2000 Carabus lizizhongi Deuve & Tian, 2007 Carabus longeantennatus (G.Hauser, 1931) Carabus ludivinae Deuve, 1996 Carabus luschanensis (G.Hauser, 1919) Carabus madefactus Cavazzuti, 1997 Carabus malaisei Breuning, 1947 Carabus maoershanicus Cavazzuti, 1995 Carabus marcilhacianus Deuve & Tian, 2010 Carabus masuzoi (Imura & Satô, 1989) Carabus mecynodes Bates, 1890 Carabus melli (Born, 1923) Carabus menelaus Breuning, 1951 Carabus microtatos Cavazzuti, 1997 Carabus ngi Deuve, 1994 Carabus nigrovagans Deuve, 2016 Carabus novenumus Deuve, 1995 Carabus odysseus Breuning, 1932 Carabus pangi Deuve & Tian, 1999 Carabus patroclus Breuning, 1933 Carabus penelope Kleinfeld, 1997 Carabus pineticola Deuve & Mourzine, 2004 Carabus prattianus Bates, 1890 Carabus prodigus Erichson, 1834 Carabus protenes Bates, 1889 Carabus pseudocenwangensis Deuve & Tian, 2005 Carabus pseudoguizhouensis Kleinfeld, 2006 Carabus pseudotorquatus Deuve, 1995 Carabus rapuzzi Kleinfeld, 2000 Carabus reni Deuve & Tian, 2009 Carabus rugulothorax Deuve, 2016 Carabus saga Cavazzuti, 1997 Carabus sauteri Roeschke, 1912 Carabus schuetzei Kleinfeld, 1998 Carabus semelai Deuve, 1995 Carabus shun Deuve, 1995 Carabus solidior Deuve & Imura, 1990 Carabus tanakaianus (Imura, 2005) Carabus tarasovinus Deuve, 2009 Carabus telemachus (G.Hauser, 1925) Carabus tengchongicola Deuve, 1999 Carabus thilliezi Deuve, 1994 Carabus thoraciculus Cavazzuti, 1998 Carabus tiani Deuve, 2013 Carabus tibeticus Cavazzuti & Rapuzzi, 2005 Carabus tientei J.Thomson, 1857 Carabus tonkinensis Deuve, 1990 Carabus torquatus Cavazzuti, 1995 Carabus toulgoeti Deuve, 1989 Carabus tuxeni Mandl, 1979 Carabus vitalisi Lapouge, 1918 Carabus vogtae Beheim & Breuning, 1943 Carabus wangziensis Deuve & Tian, 2005 Carabus wumingensis Deuve, 1992 Carabus xianhensis Deuve & Tian, 2007 Carabus xiaoxiangensis Deuve, 1995 Carabus yaophilus Deuve, 1990 Carabus yaorenensis Deuve, 2011 Carabus yinjiangicus Deuve & Tian, 2001 Carabus yonganensis Deuve, 2008 Carabus yuae Deuve, 1989 Carabus yuanbaoensis Deuve, 1994 Carabus yuanshanensis Kleinfeld, 1996 Carabus yunanensis (Born, 1905) Carabus yundongbeicus Deuve, 2002 Carabus yunlingensis Deuve, 1991 Carabus yunnanicola Deuve, 1989 Carabus zengae Deuve & Tian, 2000
Subgenus Archicarabus Seidlitz, 1887
Carabus alysidotus Illiger, 1798 Carabus monticola Dejean, 1826 Carabus montivagus Palliardi, 1825 Carabus nemoralis O.F.Müller, 1764 Carabus phoenix Lapouge, 1925 Carabus pseudomonticola Lapouge, 1908 Carabus rossii Dejean, 1826 Carabus steuartii A.Deyrolle, 1852 Carabus victor Fischer von Waldheim, 1836 Carabus wiedemanni Ménétriés, 1836
Subgenus Aristocarabus Semenov, 1897 Carabus romanowi Semenov, 1897 Carabus viridifossulatus Fairmaire, 1887
Subgenus Aulonocarabus Reitter, 1896
Carabus canaliculatus M.Adams, 1812 Carabus gaschkewitschi Motschulsky, 1859 Carabus gossarei Haury, 1879 Carabus kabakovi Lafer, 1989 Carabus kolymensis Lafer, 1989 Carabus kurilensis Lapouge, 1913 Carabus mouthiezianus Deuve, 1991 Carabus nangnimicus Blumenthal & Deuve, 1984 Carabus pseudokoreanus Breuning, 1932 Carabus truncaticollis Eschscholtz, 1833
Subgenus Axinocarabus A.Morawitz, 1886 Carabus fedtschenkoi Solsky, 1874
Subgenus Calocarabus Semenov, 1887
Carabus aristochroides Deuve, 1992 Carabus aurocostulus Deuve & Kalab, 2018 Carabus benpo Kalab, 2007 Carabus deuvianus Cavazzuti & Casale, 2006 Carabus dietererberi Heinz, 2001 Carabus gratus Semenov, 1887 Carabus guinanensis Deuve, 1991 Carabus janatai Brezina, 1996 Carabus juengerianus Kleinfeld, 1995 Carabus kalabi Deuve, 1990 Carabus linxiaensis Deuve, 1992 Carabus luzeicola Kalab, 2005 Carabus mandarin Kalab, 2002 Carabus miraculix Kleinfeld & Puchner, 2011 Carabus nevestimus (Imura, 2005) Carabus przewalskii A.Morawitz, 1886 Carabus punctatocostulus Deuve & Kalab, 2018 Carabus sementivus (Imura, 2005) Carabus sifanicus Semenov, 1898 Carabus trichothorax Brezina & Imura, 1997 Carabus turnaianus Deuve, 1995 Carabus worahniki Kleinfeld & Puchner, 2011
Subgenus Carabus Linnaeus, 1758
Carabus angustus Roeschke, 1898 Carabus arcensis Herbst, 1784 Carabus billbergi Mannerheim, 1827 Carabus cartereti Deuve, 1982 Carabus catenulatus Scopoli, 1763 Carabus cumanus Fischer von Waldheim, 1823 Carabus deyrollei Gory, 1839 Carabus goryi Dejean, 1831 Carabus granulatus Linnaeus, 1758 Carabus italicus Dejean, 1826 Carabus leplati Deuve & Li, 2008 Carabus manfredeggeri A.Müller, 2012 Carabus manifestus Kraatz, 1881 Carabus menetriesi Hummel, 1827 Carabus mianyangensis Deuve & Li, 1998 Carabus namhaedoensis Kwon & Lee, 1984 Carabus nitididorsus Ishikawa & Kim, 1983 Carabus obsoletus Sturm, 1815 Carabus paraysi Palliardi, 1825 Carabus pawlowskianus Deuve, 1989 Carabus pseudomanifestus Rapuzzi, 2009 Carabus sculpturatus Ménétriés, 1832 Carabus sternbergi Roeschke, 1898 Carabus stscheglowi Mannerheim, 1827 Carabus szeli Deuve, 1994 Carabus ulrichii Germar, 1823 Carabus vanvolxemi Putzeys, 1875 Carabus vinctus (Weber, 1801)