Volvarina is a genus of small to very small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Marginellidae, also known as the margin shells.
Taxonomy The difference between the genera Volvarina and Prunum is not clearly delineated and is based on morphological differences in the shells. Larger species with a strong callus are classified under Prunum, while the slender species with a thin callus are classified under Volvarina. Many species with characteristics that fall between the two extremes are ambiguous. Until at least 2010 there was no phylogenetic analysis to substantiate this classification. Volvarina is paraphyletic in relation to Prunum and Hyalina. Their status remains uncertain.
Description The smooth or glossy shells are very small, with a conical or cylindrical shape. The spire is usually low or sometimes slightly elevated. The anal sinus is absent. The outer lip is smooth or slightly incrassate. The inner lip shows three of four plaits; some species show a weaker fifth or sixth fold. They occupy about half the length of the aperture.
Distribution The genus is cosmopolitan with most species in warm and temperate seas.
Species Species within the genus Volvarina include:
Volvarina abbreviata (C. B. Adams, 1850) Volvarina abdieli Espinosa, Ortea & Diez, 2015 Volvarina adela (Thiele, 1925) Volvarina adrianadiae Cossignani, 2006 Volvarina aethrae Espinosa & Ortea, 2015 Volvarina affinis (Reeve, 1865) Volvarina agata (Laseron, 1957) Volvarina agatha (Laseron 1957) Volvarina aglae Espinosa & Ortea, 2015 Volvarina aladunniae Ortea, 2014 Volvarina alamarensis Espinosa & Ortea, 2013 Volvarina alayoi Espinosa, Ortea & Diez, 2015 Volvarina alayoni Espinosa & Ortea, 2015 Volvarina albescens (Hutton, 1873) Volvarina albolineata (d'Orbigny, 1842), white-line marginella Volvarina alcoladoi Espinosa & Ortea, 1998 Volvarina aldeynzeri Cossignani, 2005 Volvarina alejandroi Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2009 Volvarina algazaliae Ortea, 2014 Volvarina aliceae Espinosa & Ortea, 2012 Volvarina alloginella Espinosa, Moro & Ortea, 2011 Volvarina ameliensis (Tomlin, 1917) Volvarina ampelusica Monterosato, 1906 Volvarina amphitrite Espinosa & Ortea, 2015 Volvarina anamariae Espinosa & Ortea, 2015 Volvarina anao Espinosa & Ortea, 2012 Volvarina andyi Espinosa & Ortea, 2013 Volvarina angelae Espinosa, Soto [Vázquez] & Ortea, 2022 Volvarina angolensis (Odhner, 1923) Volvarina angustata (G.B. Sowerby II, 1846) Volvarina anjatheilae T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2018 Volvarina arabica Boyer, 2015 Volvarina ardovinii Cossignani, 1997 Volvarina ariadnae Espinosa & Ortea, 2015 Volvarina armonica Cossignani, 1997 Volvarina arrecifensis Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2013 Volvarina artemisae Espinosa & Ortea, 2013 Volvarina artilesi Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2014 Volvarina atabey Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2009 Volvarina attenuata (Reeve, 1865) Volvarina augerea Laseron, 1957 Volvarina avena (Kiener, 1834), orange-band marginella Volvarina avenella (Dall, 1881) Volvarina avesensis Caballer, Espinosa & Ortea, 2013 Volvarina bacona Espinosa, Ortea & Diez, 2012 Volvarina baenai Espinosa & Ortea, 2003 Volvarina banesensis Espinosa & Ortea, 1999 Volvarina barbierorum T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2020 Volvarina barbosae Ortea, 2014 Volvarina barbuyae Ortea, 2014 Volvarina bavecchii Cossignani, 2006 Volvarina bayeri Gracia & Boyer, 2004 Volvarina bazini Jousseaume, 1875 Volvarina beatrix T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2019 Volvarina bellamatancera Espinosa & Ortea, 2015 † Volvarina berauensis (Beets, 1941) Volvarina bernardoi Espinosa, Ortea & Diez, 2015 Volvarina bessei Boyer, 2001 Volvarina betyae Espinosa & Ortea, 1998 Volvarina bevdeynzerae Cossignani, 2005 Volvarina beyerleana (Bernardi, 1853) Volvarina bifurcata Boyer, 2015 Volvarina borinquensis Espinosa & Ortea, 2015 Volvarina borroi (Espinosa & Ortea, 1998) Volvarina boucheti Espinosa & Ortea, 2012 Volvarina bouhamedae Ortea, 2014 † Volvarina bouryi (Cossmann, 1889) Volvarina boyeri Moreno & Burnay, 1999 Volvarina brasiliana Boyer, 2000 Volvarina bravoae Ortea, 2014 Volvarina brucebrandti T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2019 Volvarina brunoi Espinosa & Ortea, 2013 Volvarina buenavistaensis Espinosa, Moro & Ortea, 2011 Volvarina bullula (Reeve, 1865) Volvarina caballeri Espinosa & Ortea, 2012 Volvarina cachoi Espinosa & Ortea, 1997 Volvarina calliopeae Espinosa & Ortea, 2015 Volvarina callypsoe Espinosa & Ortea, 2015 Volvarina candida T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2019 Volvarina caonabae Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2010 Volvarina caprina Espinosa & Ortea, 2015 Volvarina caprottii T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2019 Volvarina caribetica Espinosa, Ortea & Magaña, 2018 Volvarina carmelae Espinosa & Ortea, 1998 Volvarina casiguaya Espinosa, Ortea & Diez, 2015 Volvarina ceciliae Espinosa & Ortea, 1999 Volvarina cernita (Locard, 1897) Volvarina charbarensis (Melvill, 1897) Volvarina charretonae Ortea, 2014 Volvarina cienaguera Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2010 Volvarina cienfueguera Espinosa, Ortea & Diez, 2015 Volvarina cingalica Boyer, 2015 Volvarina columba Espinosa, Moro & Ortea, 2011 Volvarina compressa (Reeve, 1865) Volvarina confitesensis Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2010 Volvarina consalvoi T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2020 Volvarina corallina (Bavay, 1910) Volvarina cordyorum Cossignani, 2009 Volvarina corusca (Reeve, 1865) Volvarina criolla Espinosa & Ortea, 2003 Volvarina cubana Espinosa & Ortea, 2015 Volvarina curazaoensis Espinosa & Ortea, 2013 Volvarina cybelesae Espinosa & Ortea, 2015 † Volvarina cylindracea (Deshayes, 1865) Volvarina dalli Wakefield & McCleery, 2005 Volvarina damasoi T. Cossignani, 2017 Volvarina danielleae Espinosa & Ortea, 2012 Volvarina davidi Espinosa, Ortea & Diez, 2015 Volvarina dawnae Lussi & G. Smith, 1996 Volvarina dekkeri Boyer & Renda, 2021 Volvarina delanoisi T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2018 Volvarina deliciosa (Bavay in Dautzenberg, 1912) † Volvarina deningeri (P. J. Fischer, 1927) Volvarina denizi Espinosa, Ortea & Pérez-Dionis, 2014 Volvarina dennisi Espinosa, Ortea & Diez, 2015 Volvarina dhofarensis Boyer, 2015 Volvarina diminuta Laseron, 1957 Volvarina dinisioi (T. Cossignani, 2006) Volvarina dirbergi Espinosa & Ortea, 2012 Volvarina dorisae Espinosa & Ortea, 2015 Volvarina dozei (Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889) Volvarina dulcemariae Espinosa & Ortea, 1998 Volvarina dunkeri (Krauss, 1848) Volvarina ealesae (Powell, 1958) Volvarina effulgens (Reeve, 1865) Volvarina elgoyhenae Ortea, 2014 Volvarina elliptica (Redfield, 1870) Volvarina elridiae Ortea, 2014 Volvarina elsayedae Ortea, 2014 Volvarina enrici Espinosa, J. Martin & Ortea, 2018 Volvarina enriquei Espinosa & Ortea, 1998 Volvarina eratoae Espinosa & Ortea, 2013 Volvarina ericmonnieri T. Cossignani, 2018 Volvarina eumorpha (Melvill, 1906) † Volvarina eurychilus (Cossmann, 1892) Volvarina evanida (G.B. Sowerby II, 1846) Volvarina exilis (Gmelin, 1791) Volvarina falusiae Ortea, 2014 Volvarina fanabeensis Espinosa, Ortea & Pérez-Dionis, 2014 Volvarina farrantae Ortea, 2014 Volvarina fasciata Lussi & Smith, 1996 Volvarina fauna (G.B. Sowerby I, 1846) Volvarina ficoi Espinosa & Ortea, 2003 Volvarina fifi Espinosa & Ortea, 2015 Volvarina flamenca Espinosa, Moro & Ortea, 2011 Volvarina florenceae Espinosa & Ortea, 2012 Volvarina floresensis Espinosa & Ortea, 1999 Volvarina fortunata Clover & Macca, 1990 Volvarina francescoi T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2018 Volvarina franciscae Espinosa, Moro & Ortea, 2011 Volvarina fraserorum T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2020 Volvarina frazzinii Cossignani, 2006 Volvarina fugax Gofas & Fernandes, 1992 Volvarina fulgida (Lussi & G. Smith, 1999) Volvarina gabriellae T. Cossignani, 2020 Volvarina gargalloae Ortea, 2014 Volvarina garycooverti Espinosa & Ortea, 1998 Volvarina gemma Espinosa & Ortea, 2015 Volvarina gianmariacannarai T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2019 Volvarina ginae Espinosa & Ortea, 2003 Volvarina giraldilla Espinosa & Ortea, 2013 † Volvarina gouetensis Le Renard & van Nieulande, 1985 Volvarina gracilis (C.B. Adams, 1851) Volvarina granmaense Espinosa, Ortea & Diez, 2017 Volvarina grosi Espinosa & Ortea, 2012 Volvarina guajira Espinosa & Ortea, 1998 Volvarina guamaense Espinosa, Ortea & Diez, 2015 Volvarina guantanamera Espinosa, Moro & Ortea, 2011 Volvarina guribae Ortea, 2014 Volvarina habanera Espinosa & Ortea, 1997 Volvarina haswelli Laseron, 1948 Volvarina hedleyi (May 1911) Volvarina helenae Espinosa & Ortea, 2003 Volvarina hemingwayi Espinosa & Ortea, 2015 Volvarina hennequini Boyer, 2001 Volvarina heterozona Jousseaume, 1875 Volvarina hirasei (Bavay, 1917) Volvarina holguinera Espinosa, Ortea & Diez, 2015 Volvarina humboldtiana Espinosa, Ortea & Diez, 2015 Volvarina ibarrae Espinosa & Ortea, 1998 † Volvarina incommoda Ludbrook, 1958 Volvarina indica Bozzetti, 2019 Volvarina infans Laseron, 1957 Volvarina ingloria (E. A. Smith, 1910) Volvarina ingolfi Bouchet & Waren, 1985 Volvarina innexa Roth, 1978 Volvarina insulana Gofas & Fernandes, 1988 Volvarina ireneae Espinosa & Ortea, 2015 Volvarina irisae Espinosa & Ortea, 2015 Volvarina isabelae (Borro, 1946) Volvarina ivic Caballer, Espinosa & Ortea, 2009 Volvarina ixchelae Espinosa & Ortea, 2015 Volvarina jaguanensis Espinosa & Ortea, 1998 Volvarina janneefsi Bozzetti, 1997 Volvarina jibara Espinosa, Ortea & Diez, 2017 Volvarina jimcordyi Cossignani, 2007 Volvarina jordani Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2014 Volvarina josieae Espinosa & Ortea, 2012 Volvarina joubini (Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1906) Volvarina juancarlosi Espinosa, Ortea & Diez, 2015 Volvarina juangarciai Espinosa & Ortea, 2013 Volvarina juanitae Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2013 Volvarina juanjoi Espinosa & Ortea, 1998 Volvarina judymontae T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2018 Volvarina juraguaense Espinosa, Ortea & Diez, 2015 Volvarina keppelensis Laseron, 1957 Volvarina kharafiae Ortea, 2014 Volvarina kidwelli Lussi & Smith, 1996 Volvarina kilwaensis Boyer, 2015 Volvarina koillerae Ortea, 2014 Volvarina kratzschorum T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2019 Volvarina kyprisae Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2013 Volvarina laciniatalabrum Lussi & Smith, 1996 Volvarina laetitia (Thiele, 1925) Volvarina lakhdarae Ortea, 2014 Volvarina lamyi Espinosa & Ortea, 2012 Volvarina larramendii Espinosa, Ortea & Diez, 2015 Volvarina latortuga Caballer, Espinosa & Ortea, 2009 Volvarina laurauae Espinosa, Ortea, Fernandez-Garcés & Moro, 2007 Volvarina laureae Espinosa & Ortea, 2012 Volvarina laurenti Espinosa & Ortea, 2012 Volvarina leopoldoi Espinosa, Ortea & Magaña, 2018 Volvarina lilianamariae Espinosa, Ortea & Diez, 2015 Volvarina linae Espinosa & Ortea, 1999 Volvarina lineae Espinosa & Ortea, 2012 Volvarina lipparinii T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2020 Volvarina lipparinorum T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2019 Volvarina lopezae Ortea, 2014 Volvarina lorenzoi Espinosa, Ortea & Pérez-Dionis, 2014 Volvarina luzmarina Espinosa, Ortea & Pérez-Dionis, 2014 Volvarina mabellae (Melvill & Standen, 1901) Volvarina macaoi Espinosa, Moro & Ortea, 2011 † Volvarina macra Le Renard & van Nieulande, 1985 Volvarina maestratii Espinosa & Ortea, 2012 Volvarina magnini Espinosa & Ortea, 2012 Volvarina maisiana Espinosa & Ortea, 2013 Volvarina mangilyana Bozzetti, 2018 Volvarina marcellii T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2019 Volvarina margitae T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2019 Volvarina mariaodeteae T. Cossignani, 2017 Volvarina martinae T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2021 Volvarina martinezae Espinosa, Soto [Vázquez] & Ortea, 2022 Volvarina martini Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2010 Volvarina martinicaensis Espinosa & Ortea, 2013 Volvarina matesi Espinosa, Ortea & Pérez-Dionis, 2014 Volvarina mauricetteae Espinosa & Ortea, 2012 Volvarina maya Espinosa & Ortea, 1998 Volvarina maydeli Espinosa & Ortea, 2022 Volvarina megapex Queiroz, Crabos, Pomponet & L. Passos, 2022 Volvarina meguidae Ortea, 2014