Gibberula is a genus of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Cystiscidae, previously placed in the family Marginellidae, the margin shells or marginellids.
(Note: Gastropod taxonomy has been in flux for many years. This is especially true currently, because of new research in molecular phylogeny. Because of all this ongoing change, different reliable sources can yield very different classifications, especially within certain poorly understood groups.)
Other genus-group names are available for small shells resembling Gibberula. These include Granula Jousseaume, 1875 and Kogomea Habe, 1951. They are distinguished from Gibberula only on the basis of smaller size and other rather tenuous conchological differentiations.
Shell description The shell of this genus is 1.5 to 10 mm in length, ovoid, stout, with a small, low spire. The outer lip is thickened but without an external varix. It is usually denticulated inside. The columella has several plaits on a thickened rim, decreasing in size towards the posterior end. The siphonal canal is distinctly notched.
Animal
Head and foot The head is deeply divided in two. There are two short cephalic tentacles and two small anterior lobes. The eyes are a short distance behinde the tentacles. The mouth is provided with an extensible proboscis. The foot is only slightly longer than the shell when extended. In some species, the sole lies flat on the substrate when the animal is crawling. Others have the edge of the propodium raised, developed as parapodia which fit the head/tentacles in the manner of many tectibranchs.
Color pattern of the head and foot is a useful taxonomic character in all the species.
Mantle The mantle does not extend over the shell during normal activity. A tongue shaped, translucent lobe may be seen on the left side in some instances. The internal mantle is usually visible through the shell. It may be brightly coloured in the smaller species with a featureless, translucent shell, and its pattern is then continued into the spire over the visceral mass. The siphon is short and inconspicuous, often bordered by a small pad.
Reproduction All species of Cystiscids have a direct development without a planktonic phase.
Species The separation between the genera Persicula and Gibberula is not clearcut and currently follows a rather arbitrary criterion where the large species with (usually with complex colour pattern) are placed in Persicula and the smaller species with a banded or uniform colour pattern in Gibberula, leaving in between many ambiguous species. To date (2010) there is no phylogenetic analysis behind the current generic placements.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2011). Gibberula Swainson, 1840. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=137881 on 2011-10-10
Gibberula ablita (Laseron, 1957) Gibberula abyssicola Monterosato in Locard, 1897 Gibberula achenea Roth & Coan, 1971 Gibberula adyae Espinosa & Ortea, 2019 Gibberula adzubae Ortea, 2015 Gibberula aequatorialis Thiele, 1925 Gibberula agapeta Watson, 1886 Gibberula agricola Faber, 2005 Gibberula ahuiri Cossignani, 2020 Gibberula albotriangularis Rolán & Fernandes, 1997 Gibberula aldridgei Usticke, 1969 Gibberula almadiensis Pin & Boyer, 1995 Gibberula almo Bartsch, 1915 † Gibberula amurakucensis Pacaud, 2019 Gibberula andreahirundae Cossignani & Lorenz, 2019 Gibberula angelarum Cossignani & Lorenz, 2018 Gibberula aperta McCleery, 2008 † Gibberula aquitanensis Lozouet, 1998 Gibberula ardovinii Cossignani, 2006 Gibberula arubagrandis McCleery, 2008 Gibberula asellina Jousseaume, 1875 Gibberula atlantidea Knudsen, 1956 Gibberula atwoodae Ortea, 2015 Gibberula audreyae Cossignani, 2006 Gibberula aurata Bavay, 1913 Gibberula aurelieae Ortea, 2017 Gibberula ayzae Ortea & Moro, 2020 Gibberula baisrei Espinosa & Ortea, 2007 Gibberula belizensis McCleery, 2008 Gibberula benguelensis Jousseaume, 1875 Gibberula bensoni (Reeve, 1865) Gibberula benyi Espinosa & Ortea, 2007 Gibberula betancourtae Ortea, 2015 Gibberula boettgeri (Maltzan, 1884) Gibberula borbonica Boyer, 2014 † Gibberula bezoyensis Lozouet, 2019 Gibberula boulmerkae Ortea, 2015 Gibberula boyeri Cossignani, 2006 Gibberula bozzettii Cossignani & Lorenz, 2020 Gibberula bozzettii Cossignani & Lorenz, 2020 Gibberula bribri Espinosa y Ortea, 2000 Gibberula bulbosa Reeve, 1865 Gibberula burnupi Sowerby III, 1897 Gibberula caelata (Monterosato, 1897) Gibberula candida Cossignani, 2008 Gibberula caribetica Espinosa and Ortea, 2002 Gibberula cavernicola Espinosa & Ortea, 2007 Gibberula cavinae Cossignani & Perugia, 2010 Gibberula ceciliae Espinosa & Ortea, 2019 Gibberula celerae McCleery, 2008 Gibberula cherubini (Bavay, 1922) Gibberula chiarae Bozzetti & Cossignani, 2009 Gibberula chudeaui Bavay, 1910 Gibberula chumi Espinosa & Ortea, 2019 Gibberula cincta Boyer, 2003 Gibberula colombiana Boyer, 2003 Gibberula columnella Bavay, 1913 Gibberula compressa Laseron, 1957 Gibberula conejoensis McCleery, 2008 Gibberula confusa Gofas, 1989 † Gibberula constantinensis Le Renard & van Nieulande, 1985Le Renard, J. & Nieulande, F.A.D. van, 1985. - Les Marginellidae (Gastropoda, Volutacea) de l'Eocène moyen du bassin de Nantes et du Cotentin (France). Mededelingen van de Werkgroep voor Tertiaire en Kwartaire Geologie 22(1): 3-69 † Gibberula cooperi Fehse & Wiese, 1992Fehse, D. & Wiese, V., 1992. - Studies on some Gibberula-species from the Eocene of the Paris Basin. Schriften zur Malakozoologie 5: 43-60 Gibberula cozzii Ortea & Moro, 2020 Gibberula crassa McCleery, 2009 Gibberula cristata Gofas, 1989 Gibberula cristinae Tisselli, Agamennone & Giunchi, 2009 Gibberula cristinae Ortea & Moro, 2020 (provisional name - homonym of Gibberula cristinae Tisselli, Agamennone & Giunchi, 2009) Gibberula cucullata Gofas & Fernandes, 1987 Gibberula decorfasciata Rolán & Fernandes, 1997 † Gibberula degrangei (Peyrot, 1928) Gibberula delapazi Ortea & Moro, 2020 Gibberula delarrochae Ortea, 2015 Gibberula dennisi Ortea & Moro, 2020 Gibberula dens Reeve, 1865 Gibberula denticulata Boyer, 2018 Gibberula diadema Pin & Boyer, 1995 Gibberula differens E. A. Smith, 1904 Gibberula diplostreptus May, 1916 Gibberula dosmosquises Espinosa, Ortea & Caballer, 2011 Gibberula dulcis E. A. Smith, 1904 † Gibberula eliopsis La Renard & van Nieulande, 1985 Gibberula elisae Bozzetti & Cossignani, 2009 Gibberula eloinae Espinosa and Ortea, 2007 Gibberula elvirae Moreno, 2012 Gibberula encaustica Reeve, 1865 (taxon inquirendum) Gibberula epigrus Reeve, 1865 Gibberula estherae Ortea & Moro, 2017 Gibberula eugeniae Espinosa & Ortea, 2019 Gibberula evadne Dall & Simpson, 1901 Gibberula evandroi Ortea & Moro, 2018 Gibberula falsijaponica (Habe, 1961) Gibberula farlensis McCleery, 2009 Gibberula fatimae Ortea & Moro, 2018 Gibberula ficula Murdoch & Suter, 1906 Gibberula fortis McCleery, 2008 Gibberula fortisminor McCleery, 2008 Gibberula gabryae Bozzetti, 1993 Gibberula garzae Espinosa & Ortea, 2019 Gibberula gironai Espinosa and Ortea, 2007 Gibberula giulianae Cossignani & Lorenz, 2020 Gibberula giulianae Cossignani & Lorenz, 2020 Gibberula goodallae Ortea, 2015 Gibberula gradatim McCleery, 2008 Gibberula grafae Ortea, 2015 Gibberula granulinaformis McCleery, 2008 Gibberula gruveli Bavay, 1913 Gibberula hardingae Dell, 1956 Gibberula hendricksae Ortea, 2015 Gibberula hernandezi Contreras & Talavera, 1988 Gibberula hirami Espinosa and Ortea, 2007 Gibberula infundibulum Bozzetti, 1994 Gibberula inopinata Barnard, 1962 Gibberula insularum Roth & Coan, 1971 Gibberula isinbayevae Ortea, 2015 Gibberula jansseni van Aartsen, Menkhorst & Gittenberger, 1984 Gibberula japonica (Nomura & Hatai, 1940) Gibberula jayi Boyer, 2014 Gibberula jeanae Lussi & Smith, 1998 Gibberula jenphillipsi McCleery, 2008 Gibberula jorgefoyoi Espinosa and Ortea, 2007 Gibberula lachryma (Reeve, 1865) Gibberula judithae Ortea & Moro, 2017 Gibberula lacasito Ortea, Moro & Espinosa, 2020 Gibberula lalaina Bozzetti, 2012 Gibberula langostera Espinosa and Ortea, 2007 Gibberula laritzae Espinosa & Ortea, 2014 Gibberula lavalleeana (d'Orbigny, 1842) Gibberula laviuda Espinosa & Ortea, 2019 Gibberula lazaroi Contreras, 1992 Gibberula leibovitzae Ortea, 2015 Gibberula lessingae Ortea, 2015 Gibberula lifouana Crosse, 1871 Gibberula linanprietoae Cossignani & Ahuir, 2020 Gibberula lorenziana Bozzetti, 1997 Gibberula louisae Bavay, 1913 Gibberula lucia Jousseaume, 1877 Gibberula luglii Cossignani, 2001 Gibberula lutea Jousseaume, 1884 Gibberula macarioi Espinosa and Ortea, 2006 Gibberula macula McCleery, 2009 Gibberula madbelono Ortea, 2017 Gibberula maldiviana (T. Cossignani, 2001) Gibberula mamillata Boyer, 2014 Gibberula mandyi Espinosa and Ortea, 2006 Gibberula manzanillera Espinosa & Ortea, 2019 Gibberula mapipi Ortea, 2017 Gibberula marcelae Espinosa & Ortea, 2019 Gibberula marinae Wakefield & McCleery, 2004 Gibberula marioi Espinosa and Ortea, 2000 Gibberula mariscali Espinosa and Ortea, 2007 Gibberula martae Ortea & Moro, 2020 Gibberula martinae Cossignani, 2001 Gibberula martingaiteae Ortea, 2015 Gibberula mazagonica Melvill, 1892 Gibberula mendacis Gofas, 1989 Gibberula metoo Ortea & Moro, 2018 Gibberula miliaria (Linnaeus, 1758) Gibberula mimetica Gofas, 1989 Gibberula mirpuriolo Ortea, Moro & Espinosa, 2020 Gibberula modica Gofas & Fernandes, 1987 Gibberula mooi Cossignani & Lorenz, 2020 Gibberula moscatellii Boyer, 2004 Gibberula navratilovae Ortea, 2015 Gibberula nebulosa Boyer, 2002 Gibberula nilsi Espinosa and Ortea, 2007 Gibberula norvisae Espinosa & Ortea, 2014 Gibberula novemprovincialis (Yokoyama, 1928) Gibberula nuryana Ortea & Moro, 2018 Gibberula nussbaumae Ortea, 2015 Gibberula occidentalis McCleery, 2008 Gibberula olivai Espinosa and Ortea, 2006 Gibberula olivella Cossignani, 2001 Gibberula omneiae Cossignani & Lorenz, 2020 Gibberula oriens McCleery, 2008 Gibberula oryza (Lamarck, 1822) Gibberula ovata Habe, 1951 Gibberula ovoides Boyer, 2017 Gibberula pacifica Pease, 1868 Gibberula palazzii Cossignani, 2001 Gibberula pallata Bavay, 1913 Gibberula palmasola Espinosa, Ortea & Caballer, 2011 Gibberula peterbonuttii Cossignani & Lorenz, 2018 Gibberula pascuana Rehder, 1980 Gibberula pfeifferi Faber, 2004 Gibberula phantasma Espinosa & Ortea, 2019 Gibberula philippii (Monterosato, 1878) Gibberula pignonae Ortea, 2015 Gibberula poppei Cossignani, 2001 † Gibberula prunicallosa La Renard & van Nieulande, 1985 † Gibberula pruvosti La Renard & van Nieulande, 1985 † Gibberula pseudoaquitanica Lozouet, 2019 Gibberula punctillum Gofas & Fernandes, 1987 Gibberula quadrifasciata (Marrat, 1873) Gibberula quatrefortis McCleery, 2008 Gibberula ramsi Espinosa and Ortea, 2007 Gibberula raquelae Ortea & Moro, 2018 Gibberula rauli Fernandes, 1988 Gibberula recondita Monterosato, 1884 Gibberula robinsonae Ortea, 2015 Gibberula ronchinorum Bozzetti, 2017 Gibberula ros Reeve, 1865 Gibberula rowlingae Ortea, 2015 Gibberula rufanensis (W. H. Turton, 1932) Gibberula sassenae Ortea, 2015 Gibberula sandwicensis (Pease, 1860) Gibberula savignyi Issel, 1869 Gibberula scalarispira Bozzetti, 1997 Gibberula sebastiani Bozzetti, 1997 Gibberula secreta Monterosato, 1889 Gibberula sierrai Espinosa and Ortea, 2000 Gibberula silviae Espinosa & Ortea, 2019 Gibberula simii Cossignani & Lorenz, 2019 Gibberula simonae Smiriglio in Giannuzzi-Savelli et al., 2003 Gibberula simplex (Laseron, 1957) Gibberula socoae Espinosa & Ortea, 2019 Gibberula soniae Espinosa & Ortea, 2019 Gibberula spiriplana (Jousseaume, 1882) Gibberula squamosa Boyer, 2003 Gibberula stella McCleery, 2008 Gibberula striata Laseron, 1957 † Gibberula subovulatoides Lozouet, 2019 Gibberula sueziensis Issel, 1869 Gibberula subbulbosa Tate, 1878 Gibberula subtrigona Carpenter, 1865 Gibberula tahaukuensis Cossignani, 2001 Gibberula tantula Gofas, 1989