Bothriembryon is a genus of tropical air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Bothriembryontidae.
B. J. Smith (1992) made the last review of the genus summarizing all known data.
Distribution The land snail genus Bothriembryon is endemic to Australia but forms part of the Gondwanan element in the superfamily Orthalicoidea. Bothriembryon species are mostly patchy in their distribution.
Fossils of Bothriembryon have been found on the Nullarbor Plain in southern Australia, dating to the late Pliocene.
Taxonomy This genus was classified with the Bulimulidae by Pilsbry (1900), Pilsbry H. A. (1900). Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species. Second series: Pulmonata. Volume 13. Australasian Bulimulidae: Bothriembryon, Placostylus. Helicidae: Amphidromus. 253 pp., 72 plates. Breure (1979)Breure A.S. H. (1979) "Systematics, phylogeny and zoogeography of Bulimulinae (Mollusca)". Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden 168: 1-215. and by B. J. Smith (1992).Smith B. J. (1992) "Non-marine Mollusca". In: Houston W. W. K. (Ed). Zoological Catalogue of Australia, 8. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, xii + 405 pp.
It was classified in tribe Bulimulini, in subfamily Bulimulinae within the family Orthalicidae according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005.
Breure et al. (2010) moved Bothriembryon to Placostylidae.Breure A. S. H., Groenenberg D. S. J. & Schilthuizen M. (2010). "New insights in the phylogenetic relations within the Orthalicoidea (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora) based on 28S sequence data". Basteria 74(1-3): 25-31.
Breure & Romero (2012) confirmed previous results from 2010 and they renamed Placostylidae to Bothriembryontidae.Breure A. S. H. & Romero P. (2012). "Support and surprises: molecular phylogeny of the land snail superfamily Orthalicoidea using a three-locus gene analysis with a divergence time analysis and ancestral area reconstruction (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)". Archiv für Molluskenkunde: International Journal of Malacology 141(1): 1-20. .
Species Species within the genus Bothriembryon include:
Bothriembryon angasianus (Pfeiffer, 1864) Bothriembryon balteolus Iredale, 1939 Bothriembryon barretti Iredale, 1930 Bothriembryon bradshaweri Iredale, 1939 Bothriembryon brazieri (Angas, 1871) Bothriembryon bulla (Menke, 1843) † Bothriembryon consors Kendrick, 1978 Bothriembryon costulatus (Lamarck, 1822) † Bothriembryon douglasi Kendrick, 1978 Bothriembryon dux (Pfeiffer, 1861) Bothriembryon esperantia Iredale, 1939 Bothriembryon fuscus Thiele, 1930 † Bothriembryon gardneri Kendrick, 1978 Bothriembryon glauerti Iredale, 1939 † Bothriembryon gunnii (Sowerby II in Strzelecki, 1845) Bothriembryon indutus (Menke, 1843) Bothriembryon irvineanus Iredale, 1939 Bothriembryon jacksoni Iredale, 1939 Bothriembryon kendricki Hill, Johnson & Merrifield, 1983 Bothriembryon kingii (J. E. Gray, 1825) † Bothriembryon kremnobates Kendrick, 2005 Bothriembryon leeuwinensis (E. A. Smith, 1894) Bothriembryon mastersi (Cox, 1867) Bothriembryon melo (Quoy & Gaimard, 1832) - synonym: Bothriembryon inflatus castaneus Pilsbry 1900 Bothriembryon naturalistarum Kobelt, 1901 Bothriembryon notatus Iredale, 1939 Bothriembryon onslowi (Cox, 1864) Bothriembryon perditus Iredale, 1939 Bothriembryon perobesus Iredale, 1939 Bothriembryon pilkiensis Ryan et al., 2024 Bothriembryon praecelcus Iredale, 1939 † Bothriembryon praecursor McMichael, 1968 Bothriembryon revectus Iredale, 1939 Bothriembryon rhodostomus (J. E. Gray, 1834) Bothriembryon richeanus Iredale, 1939 † Bothriembryon ridei Kendrick, 1978 Bothriembryon sayi (Pfeiffer, 1847) Bothriembryon sedgwicki Iredale, 1939 Bothriembryon serpentinus Iredale, 1939 Bothriembryon sophiarum Whisson & Breure, 2016 Bothriembryon spenceri (Tate, 1894) Bothriembryon tasmanicus (Pfeiffer, 1853) Bothriembryon whitleyi Iredale, 1939 Bothriembryon gratwicki Cox, 1899 - the taxonomic status of this species status is unclear
References This article incorporates CC-BY-3.0 text from the referenceBreure A. S. H. & Whisson C. S. (2012) "Annotated type catalogue of Bothriembryon (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Orthalicoidea) in Australian museums, with a compilation of types in other museums". ZooKyes 194: 41-80. .
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