The eukaryotic large ribosomal subunit (60S) is denoted according to its sedimentation coefficients in Svedberg units. The 60S subunit is the large subunit of the eukaryotic ribosome (S80), with the other major component being the eukaryotic small ribosomal subunit (40S). It is structurally and functionally related to the 50S subunit of 70S prokaryotic ribosomes. However, the 60S subunit is much larger than the prokaryotic 50S subunit and contains many additional protein segments, as well as ribosomal RNA expansion segments.
Overall structure Characteristic features of the large subunit, shown below in the "Crown View", include the central protuberance (CP) and the two stalks, which are named according to their bacterial protein components (L1 stalk on the left as seen from the subunit interface and L7/L12 on the right). There are three binding sites for tRNA, the A-site, P-site and E-site (see article on protein translation for details). The core of the 60S subunit is formed by the 28S ribosomal RNA (abbreviated 28S rRNA), which is homologous to the prokaryotic 23S rRNA, which also contributes the active site (peptidyl transferase center, PTC) of the ribosome. The rRNA core is decorated with dozens of proteins. In the figure "Crystal Structure of the Eukaryotic 60S Ribosomal Subunit from T. thermophila", the ribosomal RNA core is represented as a grey tube and expansion segments are shown in red. Proteins which have homologs in eukaryotes, archaea and bacteria are shown as blue ribbons. Proteins shared only between eukaryotes and archaea are shown as orange ribbons and proteins specific to eukaryotes are shown as red ribbons.
60S ribosomal proteins The table "60S ribosomal proteins" shows the individual protein folds of the 60S subunit colored by conservation as above. The eukaryote-specific extensions, ranging from a few residues or loops to very long alpha helices and additional domains, are highlighted in red.
Historically, different nomenclatures have been used for ribosomal proteins. For instance, proteins have been numbered according to their migration properties in gel electrophoresis experiments. Therefore, different names may refer to homologous proteins from different organisms, while identical names do not necessarily denote homologous proteins. The table "60S ribosomal proteins" cross-references the human ribosomal protein names with yeast, bacterial, and archaeal homologs. Further information can be found in the ribosomal protein gene database (RPG).
+ 60S ribosomal proteins Structure (Eukaryotic)Structure of the 'T. thermophila,' proteins from the structures of the large subunit PDBS 417, 4A19 H. sapiensNomenclature according to the ribosomal protein gene database, applies to H. sapiens and T. thermophila Universal name Amino acids ConservationEAB means conserved in eukaryotes, archaea and bacteria, EA means conserved in eukaryotes and archaea and E means eukaryote-specific protein S. cerevisiaeTraditionally, ribosomal proteins were named according to their apparent molecular weight in gel electrophoresis, leading to different names for homologous proteins from different organisms. The RPG offers a unified nomenclature for ribosomal protein genes based on homology. Bacterial homolog (E. coli) Archaeal homolog RPLP0 uL10 318EABP0L10L10 RPL3 uL3 404 EABL3L3L3 RPL4 uL4 428 EABL4L4L4 RPL5 uL18 298 EABL5L18L18p RPL6 eL6 289 EL6n/an/a RPL7 uL30 254 EABL7L30L30 RPL7A eL8 267EAL8n/aL7Ae RPL8 uL2 258 EABL2L2L2 RPL9 uL6 193 EABL9L6L6 RPL10 uL16 215EABL10L16L10e RPL11 uL5 EABL11L5L5 RPL13 eL13 EAL13n/aL13e RPL13A uL13 204EABL16L13L13 RPL14 eL14 221EAL14n/aL14e RPL15 eL15 205EAL15n/aL15e RPL17 uL22 185EABL17L22L22 RPL18 eL18 189EAL18n/aL18e RPL18A eL20 177EAL20n/aLx RPL19 eL19 197EAL19n/aL19 RPL21 eL21 161EAL21n/aL21e RPL22, RPL22L1 eL22 129EL22n/an/a RPL23 uL14 141EABL23L14 L14p RPL23A uL23 157EABL25L23 L23 RPL24 eL24 158EAL24n/aL24e RPL26 uL24 146EABL26L24L24 RPL27 eL27 137EL27n/an/a RPL27A uL15 149EABL28L15 L15 RPL28 eL28 En/aRPL28 has no detectable homolog in yeastn/an/a RPL29 eL29 EL29n/an/a RPL30 eL30 116EAL30n/aL30e RPL31 eL31 126EAL31n/aL31e RPL32 eL32 136EAL32n/aL32e RPL34 eL34 118EAL34n/aL34e RPL35 uL29 124EABL35L29 L29 RPL35A eL33 EAL33n/aL35Ae RPL36 eL36 106EL36n/an/a RPL36A eL42 107EAL42n/aL44e RPL37 eL37 98EAL37n/aL37e RPL37A eL43 EAL43n/aL37Ae RPL38 eL38 EAL38n/aL38e RPL39 eL39 52EAL39n/aL37Ae RPL40 eL40 129EAL40n/aL40e
References
External links Ribosomal Protein Gene Database (RPG)