The Bursidae, common name "frog snails" or "frog shells", are a small taxonomic family of large sea snails, marine gastropod predatory snails in the clade Littorinimorpha.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Bursidae Thiele, 1925. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=22995 on 2020-08-19
Distribution Most species in this family occur on rocks or coral reefs in shallow waters of tropical oceans, including the Indo-Pacific, the Caribbean Sea, and other marginal warm seas, but they are also found in the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. Only a few are found on sandy bottoms of deeper waters of the continental shelf.
Shell description The thick, ovate to slightly elongated shells are coarsely sculptured, resembling the triton shells of the Ranellidae. The intersection of the spiral ribs and the axial sculpture results in a strong nodulose pattern of more or less round knobs. This warty surface gave them their common name - frog shells. The outer varicose lip is dilated and shows a number of labial plicae, resulting in a toothed lip on the inside. The inner lip is calloused, showing transverse plicae.
The anterior and posterior canals are well developed. The siphonal canal at the anterior end is usually short. The anal canal at the posterior end is a deep slot. The strong axial varices are often in two continuous series per whorl, one down each side of the shell. The nucleus of the corneous operculum is situated either at the anterior end or the mid-inner margin. A periostracum (hairy covering of the outer shell) is usually absent or thin.
Anatomy The taenioglossate radula has seven teeth in each row: one central tooth, flanked on each side by one lateral and two marginal teeth. The central tooth is saddle-shaped, with long basal limbs, each bearing a cusp-like spur upon its face.
Their eyes are based at the base of their filiform tentacles. The foot is short and thick.
Fertilization is internal. The female snail lays her eggs enclosed in a jelly-like matrix that she sometimes broods with her foot. After hatching, the eggs become free-swimming larvae.
Feeding habits Frog shells are active predators, and appear to feed on bristle worms (Polychaeta) that they anaesthetize with acidic saliva through their extensible, distally flattened probosces.
Genera Genera in the family Bursidae include:Powell A. W. B. (1979) New Zealand Mollusca. William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand.
Alanbeuella M. T. Sanders, Merle, Laurin, Bonillo & Puillandre, 2020 Annaperenna Iredale, 1936 †Aquitanobursa M. T. Sanders, Merle & Puillandre, 2019 Aspa H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 Bufonaria Schumacher, 1817 Bursa Roding, 1798 Bursina Oyama 1964 - assigned to Bursidae by Beu in 2005 Colubrellina P. Fischer, 1884 Crossata Jousseaume, 1881 Dulcerana Oyama, 1964 Korrigania M. T. Sanders, Merle, Laurin, Bonillo & Puillandre, 2020 Lampasopsis Jousseaume, 1881 Marsupina Dall, 1904 † Olequahia Stewart, 1926 † Olssonia M. T. Sanders, Merle & Puillandre, 2019 Talisman de Folin, 1887 Tritonoranella Oyama, 1964 Tutufa Jousseaume, 1881 Genera brought into synonymy † Bechtelia Emerson & Hertlein, 1964: synonym of Marsupina Dall, 1904 Buffo Montfort, 1810: synonym of Marsupina Dall, 1904 Bufonariella Thiele, 1929: synonym of Talisman de Folin, 1887 Chasmotheca Dall, 1904: synonym of Bufonaria Schumacher, 1817 Columbraria: synonym of Bursa Röding, 1798 (incorrect subsequent spelling of Colubrellina ?) Lampadopsis P. Fischer, 1884: synonym of Lampasopsis Jousseaume, 1881 (unjustified emendation of Lampasopsis Jousseaume, 1881) Lampas Schumacher, 1817: synonym of Tutufa (Tutufella) Beu, 1981 Pseudobursa Rovereto, 1899: synonym of Bursa Röding, 1798 Tutufella Beu, 1981: synonym of Tutufa (Tutufella) Beu, 1981: represented as Tutufa Jousseaume, 1881 (Replacement name for Lampas Schumacher, preoccupied)
References
Footnotes Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (2005) Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47(1–2): 1–397.
External links
Beu A.G. 1998. Indo-West Pacific Ranellidae, Bursidae and Personidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda). A monograph of the New Caledonian fauna and revisions of related taxa. Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle 178: 1-255 Sanders M.T., Merle D., Laurin M., Bonillo C. & Puillandre N. (2021 (nomenclatural availability: 2020) ). Raising names from the dead: a time-calibrated phylogeny of frog shells (Bursidae, Tonnoidea, Gastropoda) using mitogenomic data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 156: 107040: 1-12 Photos of Bursidae