Ptychochromis is a genus of cichlids endemic to rivers and lakes in Madagascar. One species (P. grandidieri) can also be seen in brackish water.Stiassny, M.L.J. & Sparks, J.S. (2006): Phylogeny and Taxonomic Revision of the Endemic Malagasy Genus Ptychochromis (Teleostei: Cichlidae), with the Description of Five New Species and a Diagnosis for Katria, New Genus. American Museum Novitates, 3535: 1-56. Most species in this genus are threatened, and P. onilahy is probably extinct. Most reach a length of , but P. insolitus reaches , while P. grandidieri and P. oligacanthus reach and respectively. The largest species was P. onilahy which may have reached as much as if reports of fishermen are to be believed.
Species There are currently 10 recognized species in this genus:
Ptychochromis curvidens Stiassny & Sparks, 2006 Ptychochromis ernestmagnusi Sparks & Stiassny, 2010 Ptychochromis grandidieri Sauvage, 1882 Ptychochromis inornatus Sparks, 2002 Ptychochromis insolitus Stiassny & Sparks, 2006 Ptychochromis loisellei Stiassny & Sparks, 2006 Ptychochromis makira Stiassny & Sparks, 2006 Ptychochromis mainty C. M. Martinez, Arroyave-Gutiérrez & Sparks, 2015Martinez, C.M., Arroyave, J. & Sparks, J.S. (2015): A new species of Ptychochromis from southeastern Madagascar (Teleostei: Cichlidae). Zootaxa, 4044 (1): 79–92. Ptychochromis oligacanthus (Bleeker, 1868) † Ptychochromis onilahy Stiassny & Sparks, 2006
Additionally, cichlid from the eastern Anosy Region in far southeastern Madagascar may actually represent an undescribed species, popularly known as Ptychochromis sp. "Manampanihy".
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