Pardosa is a large genus of wolf spiders, commonly known as the thin-legged wolf spiders. It was first described by C. L. Koch, in 1847, with more than 500 described species that are found in most regions of the world.
Distribution Pardosa are found worldwide except Australia.
Life style These spiders are generally found in dry open woods as well as on wet ground near ponds and streams.
The egg-sac is lenticular, usually greenish when fresh and changing to dirty grey when older. Studies of P. crassipalpis found it to be a univoltine species with males passing through seven instars before reaching maturity and females through eight. During the reproductive phase, females produce an average of three egg sacs with an average of 23.3 eggs per sac.
Description
Pardosa species are small to medium size wolf spiders, with a total length of 3-4 mm in males and 4-5 mm in females.
The cephalic region is elevated with clear median and lateral bands on the carapace. The clypeus is vertical and the chelicerae are much smaller than in most other lycosids, with their height less than the height of the head. The cephalic region is almost entirely occupied by the posterior two rows of eyes. The anterior row of eyes is shorter than the second row. The labium is usually wider than long with basal articular notches.
The legs are relatively long and thin and provided with long spines. Metatarsus IV is at least as long as the patella plus tibia together. Tibia I is provided with three pairs of ventral spines. In males of some species, the palp has dense dark setae.
Species
, this genus includes 503 species and fourteen subspecies.
Pardosa species with an article on Wikipedia:
Pardosa agrestis (Westring, 1861) – Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Central Asia, China Pardosa agricola (Thorell, 1856) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Middle Siberia), Kazakhstan Pardosa amentata (Clerck, 1757) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kazakhstan? Pardosa astrigera L. Koch, 1878 – Russia (Far East), Korea, Japan, China, Taiwan Pardosa atlantica Emerton, 1913 – United States Pardosa atromedia Banks, 1904 – United States Pardosa baehrorum Kronestedt, 1999 – Germany, Switzerland, Austria Pardosa californica Keyserling, 1887 – United States, Mexico Pardosa clavipalpis Purcell, 1903 – East Africa, Botswana, South Africa Pardosa danica (Sørensen, 1904) – Denmark Pardosa distincta (Blackwall, 1846) – Canada, United States Pardosa diuturna Fox, 1937 – Alaska, Canada Pardosa dorsuncata Lowrie & Dondale, 1981 – Alaska, Canada, United States Pardosa drenskii Buchar, 1968 – North Macedonia, Bulgaria, Greece Pardosa elegans (Thorell, 1875) – Russia (Europe) Pardosa fuscula (Thorell, 1875) – Alaska, Canada, United States Pardosa glacialis (Thorell, 1872) – Russia (Far North-East), Alaska, Canada, Greenland Pardosa groenlandica (Thorell, 1872) – Russia (Middle Siberia to Kamchatka), Alaska, Canada, United States, Greenland Pardosa hyperborea (Thorell, 1872) – North America, Greenland, Europe, Russia (Europe to South Siberia) Pardosa injucunda (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876) – Egypt to South Africa Pardosa lapidicina Emerton, 1885 – Canada, United States Pardosa laura Karsch, 1879 – Russia (Far East), Korea, Japan, China, Taiwan Pardosa leipoldti Purcell, 1903 – Zimbabwe, South Africa Pardosa lowriei Kronestedt, 1975 – Alaska, Canada, United States Pardosa ludia (Thorell, 1895) – Myanmar Pardosa lugubris (Walckenaer, 1802) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kazakhstan, Iran Pardosa lycosina Purcell, 1903 – South Africa Pardosa mackenziana (Keyserling, 1877) – Alaska, Canada, United States Pardosa maisa Hippa & Mannila, 1982 – Finland, Estonia, Central and eastern Europe, Russia (Urals, West Siberia) Pardosa mercurialis Montgomery, 1904 – United States Pardosa metlakatla Emerton, 1917 – Alaska, Canada, United States Pardosa milvina (Hentz, 1844) – Canada, United States Pardosa modica (Blackwall, 1846) – Canada, United States Pardosa moesta Banks, 1892 – Alaska, Canada, United States Pardosa monticola (Clerck, 1757) – Europe, Turkey, Georgia Pardosa nigriceps (Thorell, 1856) – Europe Pardosa nostrorum Alderweireldt & Jocqué, 1992 – Mozambique, South Africa Pardosa occidentalis Simon, 1881 – Portugal, Spain, France, Italy (Sardinia) Pardosa ontariensis Gertsch, 1933 – Canada, United States Pardosa orophila Gertsch, 1933 – United States, Mexico Pardosa pauxilla Montgomery, 1904 – United States Pardosa poecila (Herman, 1879) – Hungary Pardosa profuga (Herman, 1879) – Hungary Pardosa proxima (C. L. Koch, 1847) – Macaronesia, northern Africa, Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, Iran, Central Asia, China Pardosa pseudoannulata (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) – Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Taiwan, Korea, Japan, Laos, Philippines, Indonesia (Java) Pardosa pseudostrigillata Tongiorgi, 1966 – Austria, Italy, Slovenia Pardosa pullata (Clerck, 1757) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kazakhstan, Central Asia Pardosa ramulosa (McCook, 1894) – United States, Mexico, Panama Pardosa roscai (Roewer, 1951) – Bulgaria, Romania, Cyprus, Turkey, Iraq, Iran Pardosa saxatilis (Hentz, 1844) – Canada, United States Pardosa schreineri Purcell, 1903 – Namibia, Botswana, South Africa Pardosa semicana Simon, 1886 – Sri Lanka, Malaysia, China Pardosa steva Lowrie & Gertsch, 1955 – North America Pardosa subalpina Schenkel, 1918 – Switzerland Pardosa sumatrana (Thorell, 1890) – India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, China, Philippines, Indonesia (Sulawesi) Pardosa tesquorum (Odenwall, 1901) – Russia (Europe to Kamchatka), Mongolia, China, Alaska, Canada, United States Pardosa thorelli (Collett, 1876) – Norway Pardosa timidula (Roewer, 1951) – Yemen, Pakistan, Sri Lanka Pardosa tuoba Chamberlin, 1919 – United States Pardosa umtalica Purcell, 1903 – Tanzania, Zimbabwe, South Africa Pardosa vadosa Barnes, 1959 – United States, Mexico Pardosa vancouveri Emerton, 1917 – Canada, United States Pardosa xerampelina (Keyserling, 1877) – Alaska, Canada, United States Pardosa yavapa Chamberlin, 1925 – United States
Pardosa abagensis Ovtsharenko, 1979 – Caucasus (Russia, Georgia) Pardosa acorensis Simon, 1883 – Azores Pardosa adustella (Roewer, 1951) – Russia (Middle Siberia to Far East), Mongolia, China Pardosa aenigmatica Tongiorgi, 1966 – Italy, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Israel, Iraq, Iran Pardosa afflicta (Holmberg, 1876) – Argentina Pardosa agraria Tanaka, 1985 – China, Japan Pardosa agrestis (Westring, 1861) – Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Central Asia, China Pardosa agricola (Thorell, 1856) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Middle Siberia), Kazakhstan P. a. borussica (Dahl, 1908) – Lithuania P. a. fucicola (Dahl, 1908) – Finland, Germany Pardosa alacris (C. L. Koch, 1833) – Europe, Caucasus (Russia), Kazakhstan (type species) Pardosa alasaniensis Mcheidze, 1997 – Georgia Pardosa albatula (Roewer, 1951) – Italy to Ukraine and Greece, Turkey, Caucasus (Russia, Georgia) Pardosa albomaculata Emerton, 1885 – Alaska, Canada, United States, Greenland Pardosa albomarginata Tanikawa, Usio, Endo & Miyashita, 2014 – Japan Pardosa algens (Kulczyński, 1908) – Russia (north-eastern Siberia, Far East), Alaska, Canada Pardosa algina (Chamberlin, 1916) – Peru Pardosa algoides Schenkel, 1963 – Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, China Pardosa alii Tikader, 1977 – India Pardosa altamontis Chamberlin & Ivie, 1946 – Canada, United States Pardosa alticola Alderweireldt & Jocqué, 1992 – Ethiopia, DR Congo, Rwanda Pardosa altitudis Tikader & Malhotra, 1980 – India, China, Korea Pardosa amacuzacensis Jiménez, 1983 – Mexico Pardosa amamiensis (Nakatsudi, 1943) – Japan (Ryukyu Is.) Pardosa amazonia (Thorell, 1895) – Myanmar Pardosa amentata (Clerck, 1757) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kazakhstan? Pardosa anchoroides Yu & Song, 1988 – China Pardosa ancorifera Schenkel, 1936 – China Pardosa angolensis (Roewer, 1959) – Angola Pardosa angusta Denis, 1956 – Morocco Pardosa angustifrons Caporiacco, 1941 – Ethiopia Pardosa anomala Gertsch, 1933 – Canada, United States Pardosa apostoli Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines Pardosa aquatilis Schmidt & Krause, 1995 – Cape Verde Pardosa aquila Buchar & Thaler, 1998 – Caucasus (Russia, Georgia), Turkey? Pardosa armeniaca Marusik, 2023 – Armenia Pardosa astrigera L. Koch, 1878 – Russia (Far East), Korea, Japan, China, Taiwan Pardosa atlantica Emerton, 1913 – United States Pardosa atomaria (C. L. Koch, 1847) – Southern Europe, Ukraine, Cyprus, Turkey, Caucasus, Iran P. a. saturiator Caporiacco, 1948 – Greece Pardosa atrata (Thorell, 1873) – Northern Europe, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China? Pardosa atromedia Banks, 1904 – United States Pardosa atronigra Song, 1995 – China Pardosa atropos (L. Koch, 1878) – China, Korea, Japan Pardosa aurantipes (Strand, 1906) – Ethiopia Pardosa azerifalcata Marusik, Guseinov & Koponen, 2003 – Caucasus, Iran Pardosa baehrorum Kronestedt, 1999 – Germany, Switzerland, Austria Pardosa balaghatensis Gajbe, 2004 – India Pardosa baoshanensis Wang & Qiu, 1991 – China Pardosa baraan Logunov & Marusik, 1995 – Russia (South Siberia), Mongolia Pardosa bargaonensis Gajbe, 2004 – India Pardosa bastarensis Gajbe, 2004 – India Pardosa baxianensis Wang & Song, 1993 – China Pardosa bellona Banks, 1898 – United States, Mexico Pardosa bendamira Roewer, 1960 – Afghanistan Pardosa beringiana Dondale & Redner, 1987 – Alaska, Canada Pardosa bifasciata (C. L. Koch, 1834) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kazakhstan, Nepal, China Pardosa birmanica Simon, 1884 – Myanmar Pardosa blanda (C. L. Koch, 1833) – Europe, Turkey?, Georgia? China? Pardosa brevivulva Tanaka, 1975 – Russia (Far East), China, Korea, Japan Pardosa brunellii Caporiacco, 1940 – Ethiopia Pardosa buchari Ovtsharenko, 1979 – Ukraine, Caucasus (Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan), Iran Pardosa bucklei Kronestedt, 1975 – Canada, United States Pardosa burasantiensis Tikader & Malhotra, 1976 – India, China Pardosa buriatica Sternbergs, 1979 – Russia (South Siberia) Pardosa californica Keyserling, 1887 – United States, Mexico Pardosa caliraya Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines Pardosa canalis F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902 – Mexico Pardosa caucasica Ovtsharenko, 1979 – Caucasus Pardosa cavannae Simon, 1881 – Italy, Albania Pardosa cayennensis (Taczanowski, 1874) – French Guiana Pardosa cervina Schenkel, 1936 – China Pardosa cervinopilosa Schenkel, 1936 – China Pardosa chambaensis Tikader & Malhotra, 1976 – India Pardosa chapini (Fox, 1935) – China Pardosa charitonovi Esyunin, Kabdrakhimov & Efimik, 2024 – Kazakhstan Pardosa chenbuensis Yin, Peng, Xie, Bao & Wang, 1997 – China Pardosa chiapasiana Gertsch & Wallace, 1937 – Mexico Pardosa chindanda Roewer, 1960 – Afghanistan Pardosa cincta (Kulczyński, 1887) – Central, Eastern Europe Pardosa cinerascens (Roewer, 1951) – Réunion, Mauritius Pardosa clavipalpis Purcell, 1903 – East Africa, Botswana, South Africa Pardosa cluens Roewer, 1959 – Cameroon Pardosa colchica Mcheidze, 1946 – Caucasus (Russia, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan), Iran Pardosa coloradensis Banks, 1894 – Canada, United States Pardosa completa (Roewer, 1959) – Mozambique Pardosa concinna (Thorell, 1877) – Alaska, Canada, United States Pardosa concolorata (Roewer, 1951) – Mexico Pardosa condolens (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – China (Yarkand), Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Armenia? India? Pardosa confalonierii Caporiacco, 1928 – Libya Pardosa confusa Kronestedt, 1988 – United States Pardosa consimilis Nosek, 1905 – Albania, North Macedonia, Bulgaria, Turkey, Georgia, Iran Pardosa costrica Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 – Costa Rica