Xiphorhynchus is a genus of birds in the woodcreeper subfamily (Dendrocolaptinae) that are found in Middle and South America.
Taxonomy The genus Xiphorhynchus was introduced in 1827 by the English naturalist William Swainson. The name combines the Ancient Greek ξίφος (xíphos), meaning "sword", and ῥύγχος (rhúnkhos), meaning "snout, bill". Swainson did not specify the type species but this was subsequently designated as the ivory-billed woodcreeper.
The genus contains the following 13 species:
Image Scientific name Common name Distribution Striped woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus obsoletus Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. Lesser woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus fuscus eastern Brazil. Ceara woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus atlanticus northeastern Brazil. Chestnut-rumped woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus pardalotusBrazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela. Ocellated woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus ocellatusSouthern Amazonia. Elegant woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus eleganswestern and southern Amazon in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Spix's woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus spixiieastern Amazon of Brazil. Buff-throated woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus guttatustropical South America in the Guiana Cocoa woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus susurranstropical Central and South America in Trinidad, Tobago, northern Colombia and northern Venezuela. Ivory-billed woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus flavigaster Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, and Nicaragua. Black-striped woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nicaragua, and Panama. Spotted woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus erythropygius Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama. Olive-backed woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus triangularisBolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The straight-billed woodcreeper and Zimmer's woodcreeper are now separated in Dendroplex.
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