The 2004 United States House of Representatives elections were held on November 2, 2004, to elect all 435 seats of the chamber. It coincided with the re-election of President George W. Bush as well as many Senate elections and gubernatorial elections. Prior to the election in the 108th Congress, Republicans held 227 seats, Democrats held 205, with two Republican vacancies and one independent. As a result of this election, the 109th Congress began composed of 232 Republicans, 201 Democrats, one independent (who caucuses with the Democrats), and one vacancy (Democrat Bob Matsui won reelection but died just two days before the beginning of the 109th Congress).

Democrats won open seats in Colorado, South Dakota, and New York while ousting incumbents in Georgia and Illinois. Republicans won an open seat in Kentucky while ousting an incumbent in Indiana. They gained five seats in Texas after a controversial mid-decade redistricting placed several rural Democratic incumbents into new districts. Two seats in Louisiana swapped party control.

, this is the last election in which someone who was not from the Democratic or Republican parties was elected to the House (Independent Bernie Sanders). Republicans would not make consecutive net gains in the House (after gaining seats in the 2002 election) until 2020 and 2022. This was also the last election in which the Republicans made any gains in a presidential election year until 2020.

Results Federal + ↓ 202 1 232 Democratic I Republican |- ! rowspan= 2 colspan=2 | Parties ! colspan=4 | Seats ! colspan=3 | Popular vote |- style="background-color:#E9E9E9" ! 2002 ! 2004 ! Netchange ! Strength ! Vote ! % ! Change |- | style="background-color:" | ! Republican Party | 229 | 232 | 3 | 53.3% | 55,958,144 | 49.4% | -0.6% |- | style="background-color:" | ! Democratic Party | 205 | 202 | 3 | 46.4% | 52,969,786 | 46.8% | +1.6% |- | style="background-color:" | ! Libertarian Party | — | — | — | — | 1,056,844 | 0.9% | -0.5% |- | style="background-color:" | ! Independent | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0.2% | 674,202 | 0.6% | +0.1% |- | style="background-color:" | ! Green Party | — | — | — | — | 344,549 | 0.3% | -0.1% |- | style="background-color:" | ! Constitution Party | — | — | — | — | 187,006 | 0.2%

| style="background-color:" | ! Reform Party | — | — | — | — | 85,539 | 0.1% | +0.1% |- | style="background-color:" | ! Independence Party | — | — | — | — | 76,053 | 0.1% | +0.1% |- | style="background-color:" | ! Others | — | — | — | — | 1,840,163 | 1.6% | -0.6% |- ! colspan=2 | Total ! 434 ! 435 ! 0 ! 100.0% ! 113,192,286 ! 100.0% ! – |- style="background-color:#E9E9E9" | style="text-align:left" colspan=9 | Source: Election Statistics - Office of the Clerk

Maps

Retirements In the November general elections, thirty incumbents did not seek re-election, either to retire or to seek other positions.

Democrats Thirteen Democrats did not seek re-election. : Cal Dooley retired. : Peter Deutsch retired to run for U.S. Senator. : Denise Majette retired to run for U.S. Senator. : Bill Lipinski retired. : Ken Lucas retired. : Chris John retired to run for U.S. Senator. : Dick Gephardt retired to run for U.S. president. : Karen McCarthy retired. : Brad Carson retired to run for U.S. Senator. : Joe Hoeffel retired to run for U.S. Senator. : Aníbal Acevedo Vilá retired to run for Governor of Puerto Rico. : Jim Turner retired when redistricted from the 2nd district. : Jerry Kleczka retired.

Republicans Seventeen Republicans did not seek re-election. : Doug Ose retired. : Scott McInnis retired. : Johnny Isakson retired to run for U.S. Senator. : Mac Collins retired to run for U.S. Senator. : David Vitter retired to run for U.S. Senator. : Billy Tauzin retired. : Nick Smith retired. : Jack Quinn retired. : Amo Houghton retired. : Richard Burr retired to run for U.S. Senator. : Cass Ballenger retired. : Jim Greenwood retired. : Pat Toomey retired to run for U.S. Senator. : Jim DeMint retired to run for U.S. Senator. : Ed Schrock retired. : George Nethercutt retired to run for U.S. Senator. : Jennifer Dunn retired.

Resignations Two seats opened early due to resignations and were not filled until the November elections.

Democrats No Democrats resigned.

Republicans Two Republicans resigned. : Porter Goss resigned September 23, 2004 to become Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. : Doug Bereuter resigned August 31, 2004 to become president of The Asia Foundation.

Incumbents defeated In primary elections

Democrats Two Democrats lost renomination. : Chris Bell lost to Al Green, who won the general election. : Ciro Rodriguez lost to Henry Cuellar, who won the general election.

Republicans No Republicans lost renomination. This was the first time this had occurred since 1984.

In the general election

Democrats Five Democrats lost re-election to Republicans. : Baron Hill lost to Mike Sodrel. : Max Sandlin lost to Louie Gohmert. : Nick Lampson lost to Ted Poe. : Charles Stenholm lost a redistricting race to Randy Neugebauer. : Martin Frost lost a redistricting race to Pete Sessions.

Republicans Two Republicans lost re-election to Democrats. : Max Burns lost to John Barrow. : Phil Crane lost to Melissa Bean.

Open seats that changed parties

Democratic seats won by Republicans Three Democratic seats were won by Republicans. : Won by Geoff Davis. : Won by Charles Boustany. : Won by Luis Fortuño.

Republican seats won by Democrats Three Republican seats were won by Democrats. : Won by John Salazar. : Won by Charlie Melançon. : Won by Brian Higgins.

Open seats that parties held

Democratic seats held by Democrats Democrats held nine of their open seats. : Won by Jim Costa. : Won by Debbie Wasserman Schultz. : Won by Cynthia McKinney. : Won by Dan Lipinski. : Won by Russ Carnahan. : Won by Emanuel Cleaver. : Won by Dan Boren. : Won by Allyson Schwartz. : Won by Gwen Moore.

Republican seats held by Republicans Republicans held sixteen of their open seats. : Won by Dan Lungren. : Won by Connie Mack IV. : Won by Tom Price. : Won by Lynn Westmoreland. : Won by Bobby Jindal. : Won by Joe Schwarz. : Won by Jeff Fortenberry. : Won by Randy Kuhl. : Won by Virginia Foxx. : Won by Patrick McHenry. : Won by Mike Fitzpatrick. : Won by Charlie Dent. : Won by Bob Inglis. : Won by Thelma Drake. : Won by Cathy McMorris. : Won by Dave Reichert.

Newly created seats Of the thirty-two seats created in the 2003 Texas redistricting, three had no incumbent representative.

Democratic gain No Democrats were elected in newly created seats.

Republican gain Three Republicans were elected in newly created seats. : Won by Michael McCaul. : Won by Mike Conaway. : Won by Kenny Marchant.

Closest races Twenty-three races were decided by 10% or lower.

District Winner Margin data-sort-value=-1 (flip) 0.49% data-sort-value=-1 (flip) 0.50% data-sort-value=-1 (flip) 1.33% data-sort-value=-1 2.02% data-sort-value=-1 (flip) 3.39% data-sort-value=-1 (flip) 3.62% data-sort-value=-1 3.78% data-sort-value=-1 (flip) 3.99% data-sort-value=-1 4.68% data-sort-value=-1 4.80% data-sort-value=-1 6.27% data-sort-value=-1 6.80% data-sort-value=-1 7.45% data-sort-value=-1 7.72% data-sort-value=-1 8.05% data-sort-value=-1 8.36% data-sort-value=-1 8.53% data-sort-value=-1 8.82% data-sort-value=-1 8.87% data-sort-value=-1 9.63% data-sort-value=-1 9.80% data-sort-value=-1 9.86% data-sort-value=-1 (flip) 9.92%

Election ratings

Special elections

There were three special elections held in 2004, all of them separate from the November elections.

! | Ernie Fletcher | | Republican | nowrap | 1998 | | Incumbent resigned December 8, 2003 to become Governor of Kentucky.New member elected February 17, 2004.Democratic gain.Winner was subsequently re-elected in November, see below. | nowrap | |- ! | Bill Janklow | | Republican | nowrap | 2002 | | Incumbent resigned January 20, 2004 when convicted of vehicular manslaughter.New member elected June 1, 2004.Democratic gain.Winner was subsequently re-elected in November, see below. | nowrap | |- ! | Frank Ballance | | Democratic | nowrap | 2002 | | Incumbent resigned June 11, 2004 due to health issues.New member elected July 20, 2004.Democratic hold.Winner was subsequently re-elected in November, see below. | nowrap |

Alabama

District Incumbent Party Firstelected Result Candidates Jo Bonner Republican 2002 Incumbent re-elected. Terry Everett Republican 1992 Incumbent re-elected. Mike D. Rogers Republican 2002 Incumbent re-elected. Robert Aderholt Republican 1996 Incumbent re-elected. Robert E. Cramer Democratic 1990 Incumbent re-elected. Spencer Bachus Republican 1992 Incumbent re-elected. Artur Davis Democratic 2002 Incumbent re-elected.

Alaska

District Incumbent Party Firstelected Result Candidates Don Young Republican 1973 Incumbent re-elected.

Arizona

District Incumbent Party Firstelected Result Candidates Rick Renzi Republican 2002 Incumbent re-elected. Trent Franks Republican 2002 Incumbent re-elected. John Shadegg Republican 1994 Incumbent re-elected. Ed Pastor Democratic 1991 Incumbent re-elected. J. D. Hayworth Republican 1994 Incumbent re-elected. Jeff Flake Republican 2000 Incumbent re-elected. Raúl Grijalva Democratic 2002 Incumbent re-elected. Jim Kolbe Republican 1984 Incumbent re-elected.

Arkansas

District Incumbent Party Firstelected Result Candidates Marion Berry Democratic 1996 Incumbent re-elected. Vic Snyder Democratic 1996 Incumbent re-elected. John Boozman Republican 2000 Incumbent re-elected. Mike Ross Democratic 2000 Incumbent re-elected.

California