Siphonaria is a genus of air-breathing sea snails in the family Siphonariidae (false limpets). They are globally distributed living in temperate to tropical benthic intertidal zones making up a significant component of invertebrate fauna in those regions. There are many species (over ~100) within this genus although the exact amount is unknown due to their large variety in shell morphology.Rosenberg, G.; Gofas, S. (2012). Siphonaria. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138489 on 2012-07-04
Distribution This genus occurs worldwide in most tropical and temperate seas.
China The coast of China has many species such as Siphonaria atra, Siphonaria floslamellosa, Siphonaria japonica, Siphonaria petasus and Siphonaria sirius.
Korean Peninsula Siphonaria acmaeoides is known to inhabit the coast of the Korean Peninsula. Many species in the coastal regions of China can also be found here suck as S. japonica and S. sirius. Some species have questionably reported to live in this region given their documented geographic distribution such as Siphonaria coreensis, Siphonaria javanica, Siphonaria laciniosa and Siphonaria rucuana.
Ecology This genus is found in benthic and intertidal habitats. It constitutes a significant component of the macrobenthic invertebrate fauna in intertidal habitats across temperate to tropical regions.
Species Intertidal fluctuations in the environment gives rise to large amounts variations in their shells making it difficult to identify and describe species only using traditional morphological classification methods. The limited study on the shell morphology of this genus also adds to the difficulty. During the late Pliocene to the Pleistocene epochs around 3.46–1.53 million years ago, this genus underwent a rapid diversification event with the climate likely being an important driver of this diversification event.
According to the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), the following species are included in the genus Siphonaria:WoRMS: Siphonaria
Siphonaria acmaeoides Pilsbry, 1894 Siphonaria acuta Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 Siphonaria aequilirata Carpenter, 1857 Siphonaria aequilorata Reeve, 1856 Siphonaria alba Hubendick, 1943 Siphonaria albicante Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 Siphonaria alternata Say, 1826 Siphonaria alternicosta Potiez & Michaud, 1838 Siphonaria asghar Biggs, 1958 Siphonaria atra Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 Siphonaria australis Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 Siphonaria basseinensis Melvill, 1893 Siphonaria belcheri Hanley, 1858 Siphonaria bifurcata Reeve, 1856 † Siphonaria bisiphites Michelin, 1831 Siphonaria brannani Stearns, 1872 Siphonaria brasiliana Reeve, 1856 Siphonaria brunnea Hanley, 1858 Siphonaria capensis Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 Siphonaria carbo Hanley, 1858 Siphonaria characteristica Reeve, 1842 Siphonaria chirura Pilsbry, 1920 Siphonaria compressa Allanson, 1958 Siphonaria concinna Sowerby, 1830 Siphonaria corallina Christiaens, 1980 Siphonaria corrugata Reeve, 1856 Siphonaria corrumbinensis Hubendick, 1955 † Siphonaria costaria (Deshayes, 1824) Siphonaria costata G. B. Sowerby I, 1835 † Siphonaria crassicostata Deshayes, 1861 Siphonaria crenata de Blainville, 1827 Siphonaria dayi Allanson, 1958 Siphonaria denticulata Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 Siphonaria diemenensis Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 Siphonaria elatior Schrenck, 1867 Siphonaria exulum Hanley, 1858 Siphonaria ferruginea Reeve, 1856 Siphonaria floslamellosa Siphonaria fuegiensis Güller, Zelaya & Ituarte, 2015 Siphonaria funiculata Reeve, 1856 Siphonaria gigas Sowerby, 1825 - giant false limpet † Siphonaria glabrata de Raincourt, 1876 Siphonaria guamensis Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 Siphonaria henica Verrill & Bush, 1900 Siphonaria hispida Hubendick, 1946 Siphonaria incerta Deshayes, 1863 Siphonaria innocuus (Iredale, 1940) Siphonaria innominata (Iredale, 1915) † Siphonaria irregularis Sacco, 1897 Siphonaria japonica (Donovan, 1824) Siphonaria javanica (Lamarck, 1819) Siphonaria jeanae Jenkins, 1984 Siphonaria kurracheensis (Reeve, 1856) Siphonaria laciniosa (Linnaeus, 1758) Siphonaria laeviuscula G. B. Sowerby I, 1835 Siphonaria lateralis Gould, 1846 † Siphonaria laubrierei Cossmann, 1889 Siphonaria lepida Gould, 1848 Siphonaria lessonii Blainville, 1824 † Siphonaria liancurtensis Cossmann, 1892 Siphonaria lineolata G. B. Sowerby I, 1835 Siphonaria macgillivrayi Reeve, 1856 Siphonaria macquariensis (Powell, 1939) Siphonaria madagascarensis Ohdner, 1919 Siphonaria maura Sowerby, 1835 Siphonaria naufragum Stearns, 1872 Siphonaria normalis Gould, 1846 Siphonaria oculus Krauss Siphonaria parcicostata Deshayes, 1863 Siphonaria parma Hanley, 1858 Siphonaria pascua Rehder, 1980 † Siphonaria paucidigitata Cossmann, 1907 Siphonaria pectinata (Linnaeus, 1758) - striped false limpet Siphonaria percea (Iredale, 1940) Siphonaria pica G. B. Sowerby I, 1835 Siphonaria petasus Siphonaria pisangensis Hubendick, 1947 Siphonaria placentula Menke, 1853 Siphonaria plicata Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 † Siphonaria polygona (Michelotti, 1847) Siphonaria propria Jenkins, 1983 Siphonaria punctata Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 Siphonaria raoulensis Oliver, 1915 Siphonaria redimiculum Reeve, 1856 Siphonaria rosea Hubendick, 1943 Siphonaria rucuana Pilsbry, 1904 Siphonaria savignyi Krauss, 1848 Siphonaria serrata (Fischer von Waldheim, 1807) Siphonaria siquijorensis Reeve, 1856 Siphonaria sirius Pilsbry, 1894 † Siphonaria spectabilis Deshayes, 1861 Siphonaria stellata (Helbling, 1779) Siphonaria stewartiana (Powell, 1939) Siphonaria subatra Pilsbry, 1904 Siphonaria subrugosa G. B. Sowerby I, 1835 Siphonaria tasmanica Tenison-Woods, 1876 Siphonaria tenuis Philippi, 1860 Siphonaria thersites Carpenter, 1864 Siphonaria tongensis Hubendick, 1943 † Siphonaria tournoueri Vasseur, 1881 Siphonaria tristensis (Leach, 1824) † Siphonaria vasconiensis Michelin, 1831 Siphonaria venosa Reeve, 1856 Siphonaria viridis Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 † Siphonaria vulcanica Harzhauser, Landau & Breitenberger, 2017 Siphonaria williamsi Berry, 1969 † Siphonaria xinglongtaiensis Youluo, 1978 Siphonaria zelandica Quoy & Gaimard, 1833
Taxa inquirenda Siphonaria adjacens W. H. Turton, 1932 † Siphonaria alpinula Mayer, 1870 Siphonaria angulata Gray, 1825 Siphonaria becki W. H. Turton, 1932 Siphonaria conica Blainville, 1827 Siphonaria coreensis A. Adams & Reeve, 1848 (taxon inquirendum) Siphonaria depressa Pease, 1862 Siphonaria depressior Schrenck, 1867 Siphonaria fuliginata Reeve, 1856 † Siphonaria granicosta Cossmann, 1895 Siphonaria kowiensis W. H. Turton, 1932 Siphonaria luzonica Reeve, 1856 Siphonaria melanozonias (Gmelin, 1791) Siphonaria nigra Pallary, 1900 Siphonaria oblivirgulata Hubendick, 1943 Siphonaria opalescens Davis, 1904 Siphonaria pallida Allanson, 1958 Siphonaria palmata Carpenter, 1857 Siphonaria palpebrum Reeve, 1856 † Siphonaria penjinae Dall, 1893 Siphonaria picta d'Orbigny, 1839 Siphonaria plana Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 (nomen dubium) Siphonaria radiata Gray, 1824 Siphonaria scabra Reeve, 1856 Siphonaria sowerbyi Michelin, 1832 † Siphonaria xinglongtaiensis Youluo, 1978 Species brought into synonymy Siphonaria adansonii de Blainville, 1827: synonym of Siphonaria pectinata (Linnaeus, 1758) Siphonaria algesirae Quoy & Gaimard, 1832: synonym of Siphonaria pectinata (Linnaeus, 1758) Siphonaria amara Reeve, 1856: synonym of Siphonaria normalis Gould, 1846 Siphonaria amphibia W. R. B. Oliver, 1915: synonym of Siphonaria raoulensis W. R. B. Oliver, 1915 Siphonaria anneae Tomlin, 1944: synonym of Siphonaria carbo Hanley, 1858 Siphonaria aspera Krauss, 1848: synonym of Siphonaria serrata (Fischer von Waldheim, 1807) Siphonaria baconi Reeve, 1856: synonym of Siphonaria zelandica Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 Siphonaria blainvillei Hanley, 1858: synonym of Siphonaria funiculata Reeve, 1856 (junior synonym) Siphonaria cancer Reeve, 1856: synonym of Siphonaria australis Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 Siphonaria cheesemani W. R. B. Oliver, 1915: synonym of Siphonaria raoulensis W. R. B. Oliver, 1915 Siphonaria cochleariformis Reeve, 1856: synonym of Siphonaria japonica (Donovan, 1824) (nomen dubium, doubtful synonym) Siphonaria cookiana Suter, 1909: synonym of Siphonaria australis Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 Siphonaria cyaneomaculata (Sowerby III, 1906): synonym of Siphonaria concinna Sowerby I, 1823 Siphonaria deflexa (Helbling, 1779): synonym of Siphonaria concinna G. B. Sowerby I, 1823 Siphonaria grisea Gmelin: synonym of Siphonaria pectinata (Linnaeus, 1758) Siphonaria inculta Gould, 1846: synonym of Siphonaria australis Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 Siphonaria intermedia Schrenck, 1867: synonym of Siphonaria sipho G. B. Sowerby I, 1823 accepted as Siphonaria javanica (Lamarck, 1819) (unavailable: not Siphonaria intermedia Murray, 1857) Siphonaria jonasi Dunker, 1853: synonym of Siphonaria pectinata (Linnaeus, 1758) Siphonaria lecanium Philippi, 1846: synonym of Siphonaria maura G. B. Sowerby I, 1835 (junior subjective synonym) Siphonaria lineolata d'Orbigny, 1842: synonym of Siphonaria pectinata (Linnaeus, 1758) Siphonaria macauleyensis W. R. B. Oliver, 1915: synonym of Siphonaria raoulensis W. R. B. Oliver, 1915 Siphonaria mouret Sowerby G.B. I, 1825: synonym of Siphonaria pectinata (Linnaeus, 1758) Siphonaria mouretus de Blainville, 1824: synonym of Siphonaria pectinata (Linnaeus, 1758) Siphonaria natalensis Krauss, 1848: synonym of Siphonaria serrata (Fischer von Waldheim, 1807) (junior synonym) Siphonaria naufraga Stearns, 1872: synonym of Siphonaria pectinata (Linnaeus, 1758) Siphonaria nigerrima E. A. Smith, 1903: synonym of Siphonaria carbo Hanley, 1858 Siphonaria nuttallii Hanley, 1858: synonym of Siphonaria normalis Gould, 1846 Siphonaria obliquata G. B. Sowerby I, 1825: synonym of Benhamina obliquata (Sowerby I, 1825) Siphonaria palmata Carpenter, 1857: synonym of Siphonaria lecanium var. palmata Carpenter, 1857 (taxon inquirendum) Siphonaria redimiculum Reeve, 1856: synonym of Kerguelenella lateralis (Gould, 1846) Siphonaria sipho G.B. Sowerby I, 1830: synonym of Siphonaria javanica (Lamarck, 1819) Siphonaria stellata Blainville, 1827: synonym of Siphonaria laciniosa (Linnaeus, 1758) Siphonaria stowae Verco, 1906: synonym of Pugillaria stowae (Verco, 1906) Siphonaria striatocostata Dunker, 1846: synonym of Siphonaria pectinata (Linnaeus, 1758) Siphonaria tenuicostulata Smith: synonym of Siphonaria carbo Hanley, 1858 Siphonaria variabilis Krauss, 1848: synonym of Siphonaria concinna Sowerby I, 1823 Siphonaria virgulata Hedley, 1915: synonym of Siphonaria funiculata Reeve, 1856 Siphonaria zebra Reeve, 1856: synonym of Siphonaria zelandica Quoy & Gaimard, 1833
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