Triplophysa is a genus of fish in the family Nemacheilidae found mainly in and around the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China, as well as inland waters of the larger part of central Asia. They can be distinguished from other genera of Nemacheilidae by marked sexual dimorphism, including the development of nuptial tubercles on breeding males. Currently, the genus is a mixed assemblage of species. Some lineages have been identified and treated as subgenera (Hedinichthys, Indotriplophysa, Labiatophysa, Qinghaichthys and Tarimichthys), but as Wikipedia follows Fishbase for fish species all but Hedinichthys have been treated as subgenera in Wikipedia, although Kottelat in his revision of the loaches did recognise them as valid. FishBase, however, includes these in Triplophysa without specifying subgenera and treats the names given by Kottelat as synonyms.
Ecology Triplophysa zhaoi holds the record for the lowest altitude for Asian fish: it is found at below sea level in swamps of the Lükqün oasis, in the Turpan Depression in Xinjiang. In the other end, Triplophysa stolickai holds the record altitude for Asian fish: it is found at above sea level in hot springs near the Longmu Lake in western Tibet. Triplophysa dalaica has been used as model species to study adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia and 13 positively selected genes involved in hypoxia response have been identified. Some species are blind cave-dwellers.
Species These are the currently recognized species in this genus:
Triplophysa akhtari (M. A. Vijaylakshmanan, 1950) Triplophysa alexandrae Prokofiev, 2001 Triplophysa aliensis (Y. F. Wu & S. Q. Zhu, 1979) Triplophysa alticeps (Herzenstein, 1888) Triplophysa altipinnis Prokofiev, 2003 Triplophysa aluensis W. X. Li & Z. G. Zhu, 2000 Triplophysa angeli (P. W. Fang, 1941) Triplophysa anlongensis C.-T. Lan, L.-X. Song, T. Luo, X.-R. Zhao, N. Xiao & J. Zhou, 2023 Triplophysa anshuiensis T.-J. Wu, M.-L. Wei, J.-H. Lan & L.-N. Du, 2018 Triplophysa anterodorsalis S. Q. Zhu & W. X. Cao, 1989 Triplophysa aquaecaeruleae Prokofiev, 2001 Triplophysa arnoldii Prokofiev, 2006 Triplophysa baotianensis C. Li, T. Liu, R. Li & W. Li, 2018 Triplophysa bashanensis T. Q. Xu & K. F. Wang, 2009 Triplophysa bellibarus (T. L. Tchang, T. H. Yueh & H. C. Hwang, 1963) Triplophysa bleekeri (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant, 1874) Triplophysa bombifrons (Herzenstein, 1888) Triplophysa brachyptera (Herzenstein, 1888) Triplophysa brahui (Zugmayer, 1912) Triplophysa brevibarba R. H. Ding, 1993 Triplophysa brevicauda (Herzenstein, 1888) Triplophysa cakaensis W. X. Cao & S. Q. Zhu, 1988 Triplophysa cehengensis T. Luo, M.-L. Mao, X.-R. Zhao, N. Xiao & J. Zhou, 2023 Triplophysa chandagaitensis Prokofiev, 2002 Triplophysa chondrostoma (Herzenstein, 1888) Triplophysa choprai (Hora, 1934) Triplophysa coniptera (Turdakov, 1954) Triplophysa crassicauda (Herzenstein, 1888) Triplophysa crassilabris R. H. Ding, 1994 Triplophysa cuneicephala (T. H. Shaw & T. L. Tchang, 1931) Triplophysa dalaica (Kessler 1876) Triplophysa daochengensis Y. Y. Wu, Z. Y. Sun & Y. S. Guo, 2016 Triplophysa daqiaoensis R. H. Ding, 1993 Triplophysa daryoae Sheraliev, Kayumova & Peng, 2022 (Sokh stone loach) Triplophysa dorsalis (Kessler, 1872) Triplophysa dorsonotata (Kessler, 1879) Triplophysa drassensis (Tilak, 1990) Triplophysa edsinica Prokofiev, 2003 Triplophysa elegans (Kessler, 1874) Triplophysa erythraea Z.-X. Liu & X.-L. Huang, 2019. Triplophysa eugeniae Prokofiev, 2002 Triplophysa farwelli (Hora, 1935) Triplophysa fengshanensis J. H. Lan, 2013 Triplophysa ferganaensis Sheraliev & Peng, 2021 (Fergana stone loach) Triplophysa flavicorpus J. X. Yang, X. Y. Chen & J. H. Lan, 2004 Triplophysa furva S. Q. Zhu, 1992 Triplophysa fuxianensis J. X. Yang & X. L. Chu, 1990 Triplophysa gerzeensis W. X. Cao & S. Q. Zhu, 1988 Triplophysa gracilis (F. Day, 1877) Triplophysa griffithii (Günther, 1868) Triplophysa guizhouensis W.-J. Wu, A.-Y. He, J.-X. Yang & L.-N. Du, 2018 Triplophysa gundriseri Prokofiev, 2002 Triplophysa hexiensis (T. Q. Zhao & X. T. Wang, 1988). Triplophysa heyangensis S. Q. Zhu, 1992 Triplophysa hialmari Prokofiev, 2001 Triplophysa hsutschouensis (Rendahl, 1933) Triplophysa huanglongensis Gao 1992 Triplophysa huapingensis L. P. Zheng, J. X. Yang & X. Y. Chen, 2012 Triplophysa huidongensis Xiong & Y.-S. Guo, 2021 Triplophysa hutjertjuensis (Rendahl, 1933) Triplophysa incipiens (Herzenstein, 1888) Triplophysa intermedia (Kessler, 1876) Triplophysa jianchuanensis L. P. Zheng, L. N. Du, X. Y. Chen & J. X. Yang, 2010 (Jianchuan stone loach) Triplophysa jinchuanensis Tan & Guo, 2021 Triplophysa kafirnigani (Turdakov, 1948) Triplophysa kashmirensis (Hora, 1922) Triplophysa kokshaalensis Prokofiev, 2017 Triplophysa kullmanni Bănărescu, Nalbant & Ladiges, 1975 Triplophysa kungessana (Kessler, 1879) Triplophysa lacusnigri (Berg, 1928) Triplophysa lacustris J. X. Yang & X. L. Chu, 1990 Triplophysa langpingensis J. Yang, 2013 Triplophysa laterimaculata J. L. Li, N. F. Liu & J. X. Yang, 2007 Triplophysa leptosoma (Herzenstein, 1888) Triplophysa lixianensis C. L. He, Z. B. Song & E. Zhang, 2008 Triplophysa longianguis Y. F. Wu & C. Z. Wu, 1984 Triplophysa longipectoralis L. P. Zheng, L. N. Du, X. Y. Chen & J. X. Yang, 2009 Triplophysa longliensis Q. Ren, J. X. Yang & X. Y. Chen, 2012 Triplophysa luochengensis Li, J., J.-H. Lan, X. Y. Chen & L. N. Du, 2017 Triplophysa macrocephala J. Yang, T. J. Wu & J. X. Yang, 2012 Triplophysa macromaculata J. X. Yang, 1990 Triplophysa macrophthalma S. Q. Zhu & Q. Z. Guo, 1985 Triplophysa markehenensis (S. Q. Zhu & Y. F. Wu, 1981) Triplophysa marmorata (Heckel, 1838) Triplophysa microphthalma ((Liao & Wang, 1997) Triplophysa microphysa (P. W. Fang, 1935) Triplophysa microps (Steindachner 1866) Triplophysa minxianensis (X.-T. Wang & S. Q. Zhu, 1979) Triplophysa nandanensis J. H. Lan, J. X. Yang & Y. R. Chen, 1995 Triplophysa nanpanjiangensis (S. Q. Zhu & W. X. Cao, 1988) Triplophysa nasobarbatula D. Z. Wang & D. J. Li, 2001 Triplophysa ninglangensis Y. F. Wu & C. Z. Wu, 1988 Triplophysa nujiangensa X. Y. Chen, G. H. Cui & J. X. Yang], 2004 Triplophysa obscura X. T. Wang, 1987 Triplophysa obtusirostra Y. F. Wu & C. Z. Wu, 1988 Triplophysa orientalis (Herzenstein, 1888) Triplophysa panguri (Hora, 1936) Triplophysa panzhouensis J. Yu, T. Luo, C. T. Lan, N. Xiao & J. Zhou, 2023 Triplophysa papillosolabiata (Kessler, 1879) Triplophysa pappenheimi (P. W. Fang, 1935) Triplophysa paradoxa (Turdakov, 1955) Triplophysa parva Z. M. Chen, W. X. Li & J. X. Yang, 2009 Triplophysa polyfasciata R. H. Ding, 1996 Triplophysa posterodorsalus (W.-X. Li, J.-C. Ran & H.-M. Chen, 2006) Triplophysa pseudoscleroptera (S. Q. Zhu & Y. F. Wu, 1981) Triplophysa pseudostenura C. L. He, E. Zhang & Z. B. Song, 2012 Triplophysa qilianensis W. J. Li, X. C. Chen & Y. P. Hu, 2015 Triplophysa qingzhenensis F. Liu, Z.-X. Zeng & Gong, 2022 Triplophysa qini S.Q. Deng, X.-B. Wang & E. Zhang 2022 Triplophysa qiubeiensis W. X. Li & H. F. Yang, 2008 Triplophysa retropinnis (Herzenstein, 1888) Triplophysa robusta (Kessler, 1876) Triplophysa rongduensis M.-L. Mao, X.-R. Zhao, J. Yu, N. Xiao & J. Zhou, 2023 Triplophysa rosa X. Y. Chen & J. X. Yang, 2005 Triplophysa rotundiventris (Y. F. Wu & Y. R. Chen, 1979) Triplophysa sanduensis S.-J. Chen & Z.-G. Peng, 2019 Triplophysa scapanognatha Prokofiev, 2007 Triplophysa scleroptera (Herzenstein, 1888) Triplophysa sellaefer (Nichols, 1925) Triplophysa sewerzowi (Nikolskij, 1938) (Severtsov's loach) Triplophysa shaanxiensis J. X. Chen, 1987 Triplophysa shannanensis M. Wang, J. Huang, Y. Chen & D. He, 2024 Triplophysa shashiguii Y.Y. Wu & Y.S. Guo, 2021 Triplophysa shehensis Menon, 1987 Triplophysa shilinensis Y. R. Chen & J. X. Yang, 1992 Triplophysa shiyangensis (T. Q. Zhao & X. T. Wang, 1983) Triplophysa siluroides (Herzenstein, 1888) Triplophysa stenura (Herzenstein, 1888) Triplophysa stewarti (Hora, 1922) Triplophysa stolickai (Steindachner, 1866) Triplophysa strauchii (Kessler, 1874) Triplophysa tanggulaensis S. Q. Zhu, 1982) Triplophysa tenuicauda (Steindachner, 1866) Triplophysa tenuis (Day, 1877) Triplophysa tianeensis X. Y. Chen, G. H. Cui & J. X. Yang, 2004 Triplophysa tianlinensis J. Li, X.-H. Li, J.-H. Lan & L.-N. Du, 2016 Triplophysa tianxingensis H. F. Yang, W. X. Li & Z. M. Chen, 2016 Triplophysa tibetana (Regan, 1905) Triplophysa turpanensis Y. F. Wu & C. Z. Wu, 1992 Triplophysa ulacholica (V. P. Anikin, 1905) (Issyk-kul naked loach) Triplophysa uranoscopus (Kessler, 1872) Triplophysa venusta S. Q. Zhu & W. X. Cao, 1988 Triplophysa waisihani L. Cao & E. Zhang, 2008 Triplophysa weiheensis C.-G. Feng , Y. Zhang, C. Tong, Zhou & K. Zhao, 2020 Triplophysa wudangensis F. Liu, Z.-X. Zeng & Z. Gong 2022 Triplophysa wulongensis S.-J. Chen, Sheraliev, L. Shu & Z. Peng, 2021 Triplophysa wuweiensis ((S. C. Li & S. Y. Chang, 1974) Triplophysa xiangshuingensis W. X. Li, 2004 Triplophysa xiangxiensis (G. Y. Yang, F. X. Yuan & Y. M. Liao, 1986) Triplophysa xichangensis S.-Q. Zhu & W.-X. Cao 1989 Triplophysa xingshanensis (G. R. Yang & C. X. Xie, 1983) Triplophysa xingyiensis (Yuan et al., 2026) Triplophysa xiqiensis R. H. Ding & Q. Lai, 1996 Triplophysa xuanweiensis Z.-M. Lu, X.-J. Li, W.-N. Mao & Y.-H. Zhao 2022 Triplophysa yajiangensis S. L. Yan, Z. Y. Sun & Y. S. Guo, 2015 Triplophysa yaluwang C.-T. Lan, Y.-W. Liu, J.-J. Zhou & J. Zhou 2024 Triplophysa yaopeizhii T. Q. Xu, C. G. Zhang & B. Cai, 1995 Triplophysa yasinensis (Alcock, 1898) Triplophysa yunnanensis J. X. Yang, 1990 Triplophysa yuzeshengi Y. S. Guo & Z. Y. Sun, 2021 Triplophysa zaidamensis (Kessler, 1876) Triplophysa zamegacephala (T. Q. Zhao, 1985) Triplophysa zhaoi Prokofiev, 2006 Triplophysa zhenfengensis D. Z. Wang & D. J. Li, 2001 Triplophysa ziyunensis L. Wu, T. Luo, N. Xiao & J. Zhou, 2024
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