The Airbus Helicopters H225 (formerly Eurocopter EC225 Super Puma) is a long-range passenger transport helicopter developed by Eurocopter as the next generation of the civilian Super Puma family. It is a twin-engined aircraft and can carry up to 24 passengers along with two crew and a cabin attendant, dependent on customer configuration. The helicopter is marketed for offshore support and VIP passenger transport duties, as well as public service missions.
The civil-orientated EC225 has a military counterpart, which was originally designated as the Eurocopter EC725. In 2015, the EC225 was formally renamed H225, and the EC725 as H225M, in line with Eurocopter's corporate rebranding as Airbus Helicopters."VIDEO: Meet the H Generation." Airbus Helicopters, 3 March 2015.
Development In the aftermath of the 1973 oil crisis, oil and gas companies began exploration and extraction activities farther offshore, thus creating a long-term need for more capable rotary aircraft.Kay, Marcia Hillary. "40 Years Retrospective: It's Been a Wild Ride" Rotor & Wing, August 2007. Accessed: 8 June 2014. on 8 June 2014. The development of the EC225, an updated version of the AS332 L2 Super Puma, was announced by Eurocopter in June 1998. The principal differences of the EC225 from the preceding AS332 L2 is the adoption of Spheriflex rotor technology, new Turbomeca Makila 2A turboshaft engines, along with a redesigned main gearbox to accommodate the rotor and engine changes. An integrated flight display system was added. Together these changes resulted in higher speeds and passenger comfort, as well as greater flight safety and reduced operating costs.
On 27 November 2000, the first prototype performed its maiden flight. In July 2004, the type received its airworthiness certification from the European Aviation Safety Agency."The EC 225 is Certified IFR by the European Airworthiness Security Agency." Eurocopter, 29 July 2004. In December 2015, the H225, a new designation used for the EC225, received certification from the Interstate Aviation Committee of the Commonwealth of Independent States; this made the H225 the first foreign heavy-lift helicopter to become certified in Russia."Airbus Helicopters' H225 receives Russian certification ." Vertical Magazine, 3 December 2015.
In February 2014, Airbus Helicopters announced at Heli-Expo 2014 the development of an improved variant, the EC225e. The EC225e features numerous changes including new avionics systems, such as the TCAS II collision avoidance system, an automatic identification system, and a specialized rig-approach system; it was also intended to feature an improved Turbomeca Makila 2B engine to increase the EC225e's maximum takeoff weight by 550 kg, and an additional fuel tank in the rear baggage compartment to extend its range to 300 nautical miles with up to ten passengers on board. Some, but not all, modifications can be retrofitted onto existing EC225s.Osborne, Tony. "Airbus Launches Refreshed EC225." Aviation Week, 26 February 2014.Trimble, Stephen. "HELI-EXPO: Airbus adds power, range and automation to EC225." Flight International, 26 February 2014. In the same announcement, in February 2014, Lease Corporation International said that they had placed a $645 million order for 15 EC225e (along with 6 Airbus Helicopters EC175) helicopters as the launch customer. In February 2016, the Makila 2B engine was dropped from the EC225e as a cost reduction measure, development of the other structural and avionics aspects is proceeding.Perry, Dominic. "Airbus Helicopters drops new engine from H225 upgrade." Flight International, 5 February 2016.
In 2015, Airbus Helicopters announced at the Paris Air Show that it had begun development of a clean-sheet successor to the EC225, initially designated Airbus Helicopters X6,"Airbus starts development of new X6 heavy helicopter." Reuters, 16 June 2015. but development was stopped in early 2018. The EC225's production line is projected to continue manufacturing activity until at least 2030.Perry, Dominic. "Paris: Airbus Helicopters launches X6 concept phase." Flight International, 16 June 2015.
Design
The H225 is based on the Eurocopter AS332L2 Super Puma, improving upon the design with a five-blade main rotor incorporating a new airfoil shape to reduce vibration and noise levels. The blades of the rotors feature a composite spar and parabolic blade tips; they can also be equipped with an anti-icing system to enable the aircraft to operate within very cold climates. The helicopter is powered by two Turbomeca Makila 2A1 turboshaft engines mounted over the cabin; these engines are capable of providing 14 per cent more engine power and feature a redundant dual-channel full authority digital engine control (FADEC) system for high reliability, a further backup system is present in the event of both FADEC systems failing. The FADEC system ensures that engine power is always kept within the limits of the gearbox. Many of the mechanical components, particularly of the engines, were designed to be modular to ease maintenance, and composite materials were used where possible to reduce the aircraft's weight.
A key safety feature of the aircraft's main gear box (MGB) is an emergency oil spraying sub-system present in the lubrication system; this is designed to exceed the JAR 29 Standard's requirements of a 30-minute running time in the event of the loss of MGB oil pressure, and has demonstrated up to 50-minute running time. The engine also incorporates a "blade shedding" system to ensure engine integrity during an overspeed instance. Energy absorbent self-sealing fuel tanks are contained in the aircraft's sponsons, along with other equipment such as downward-facing illumination and navigation lighting fixtures. The transmission can accommodate more power than the maximum output of the engines; however two aircraft were lost in 2012 due to the cracking of the bevel gear shaft, a gearbox component. In response, the design of the transmission was modified in 2013, and the onboard health and usage monitoring system (HUMS) was upgraded to provide real-time monitoring of the bevel gear shaft against the threat of crack formation.Osborne, Tony. "Certification for EC225 Interim Fixes Imminent." Aviation Week, 19 June 2013.
In terms of cockpit equipment and avionics, the H225 is equipped with a full glass cockpit with active-matrix liquid crystal displays; these include four 6-inch by 8-inch multi-functional displays as the predominant instrumentation for key flight information, two 4-inch by 5-inch monitors for displaying aircraft parameters, and a 3-inch screen for backup. The advanced helicopter cockpit and avionics system is described as serving to reduce pilot and crew workload, being used to display flight management and sub-systems information and is complete with a four-axis digital autopilot. During a typical flight, the pilot programs the route into the aircraft and then monitors it, as opposed to direct continuous control of the flight; the need for paper charts has been eliminated by these systems. Under autopilot, the automatic flight control system acts to prevent pilot actions from exceeding the established flight envelope; the H225 remains flyable with all automatic systems disabled. From initiating the startup sequence to being ready to takeoff only takes three minutes.
There are currently a total of four principal configurations designed by Airbus Helicopters for the H225. The passenger transport version has a crash-worthy seating arrangement for up to 19 passengers with a high-density seating arrangement accommodating up to 28 passengers available to be fitted. The VIP transport version has a large lounge with seating for up to 12 passengers and a cabin attendant. The emergency medical services (EMS) configuration has medical units for six stretchers and four seats for medical workers. The search and rescue (SAR) configuration allows space for search and rescue equipment with an operator seat, hoistman seat and up to eight rescue seats and three stretchers."EC225 – Brochure." Airbus Helicopters, Retrieved: 24 May 2015. While a single pilot is capable of controlling the aircraft under visual meteorical conditions, two pilots are used in a typical crew complement and, dependent on role, a cabin attendant or flight engineer may also be present."Flight Test: Eurocopter EC225 – Puma repowered." Flight International, 22 September 2009.
Operational history
In January 2005, Algeria became the first country to use the H225 when the Algerian Ministerial Air Liaisons Group (GLAM) took delivery of a single helicopter for VIP transport duties."Algerian EC225." Flight International, 11 January 2005.
In 2009, the AirKnight consortium offered the H225 in competition against the Sikorsky S-92 offered by the Soteria Search and Rescue consortium for the United Kingdom's Search and Rescue – Helicopter (SAR-H) program to replace the RAF Search and Rescue Force's Westland Sea King fleet. In 2010, Soteria was awarded the contract;"Team Soteria wins UK's SAR-H deal with proven S-92." Flight International, 9 February 2010. however, in 2011 the contract was halted as Soteria had had access to confidential information. In 2013, the Department for Transport awarded Bristow Group the SAR-H contract, operating a mix of Sikorsky S-92 and AgustaWestland AW189.
By 2011, CHC Helicopter had the largest operational fleet of H225s, the type comprising a fifth of the firm's total rotorcraft by 2015."CHC becomes first operator to reach 100,000 flight hours with H225." Airbus Helicopters, 29 July 2015. CHC principally use the type for serving the offshore oil and gas industries, as well as search and rescue missions. Another milestone was reached in 2011 when Eurocopter delivered the 100th production H225 to Bristow Group."Eurocopter delivers the 100th EC225 to Bristow Group." Eurocopter, 12 July 2011. In March 2013, leasing company Milestone Aviation Group placed a record order for 30 H225s."New Super Puma helicopters to Serve Angola's oil and gas sector." offshoreenergytoday.com, 27 February 2014."Milestone Aviation Group increases Eurocopter EC225 order to 30 aircraft and announces order for five EC175s." Milestone Aviation Group, 6 March 2013.
Due to its popularity in offshore passenger transport, the H225 is commonly used as an offshore search and rescue aircraft, with operators based in Norway, the UK and Australia. In this role, aircraft are typically equipped with a dual rescue hoist, FLIR camera, high-powered searchlights and an advanced autopilot with autohover capability. The H225 has also been used for aerial firefighting; it can be equipped with a Simplex Aerospace-developed water cannon for dealing with fires in built-up urban areas. Both Japan and South Korea operate several aircraft so adapted."Simplex Aerospace Receives Order for High Rise Firefighting System for Japan." simplex.aero, 12 August 2013."South Korea Firefighting, Rescue Services Provider National 119, Benefits From Rapid, On-Site EC225 Support From Helicopter MRO Company Heli-One." Business Wire, 2 March 2015.