Leucosyrinx is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Pseudomelatomidae.WoRMS (2011). Leucosyrinx Dall, 1889. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138611 on 2011-03-11
Description (Original description) The thin shell is white or pale without color pattern. The anal notch lies behind the periphery or at the suture. The sculpture is delicate and consists of spiral keels or threads and often oblique riblets on the shoulder of the whorls. The peripheral keel, if present, is not recurved. The operculum is thin, nucleus apical, scar of attachment small. The larval shell is glassy, rounded or keeled. The other shell characters are as in Pleurotoma. The species type is Pleurotoma verrillii Dall.
This group is intended to contain the operculated species of Pleurotomida which are so characteristic of the archibenthal region. They are distinctly contrasted with the coarse, spotted or maculated shallow-water species of Pleuroma proper, by their thin, white, delicately sculptured shells. They are apart from Drillia by having no subtubular projection of the anal notch when adult and no thick varix to mark their maturity. They are separable from the archibenthal Drillias also by their larger shells, longer siphonal canal, and more inflated habit. The anal notch is generally wider, more rounded and nearer the suture than in the typical Pleurotoma, and the operculum proportionally wider and more delicate. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College vol. 18 (1889)
(More recent description by Kantor et al.) The shell of Leucosyrinx is relatively poor in diagnostic features. The intraspecific variability within molecularly defined species can be high. The shell is small to large, reaching up to about 90 mm in length in Leucosyrinx bolognai. It is narrow fusiform to broadly oval, with a high spire and a distinct siphonal canal that is medium‑long to long. The shell is uniformly coloured, ranging from off‑white through beige to light brown. The protoconch is paucispiral and small, about 1 mm in diameter, and consists of 1.5–1.75 rounded whorls. The teleoconch whorls are roundly angled at the shoulder, at least on the upper whorls, and bear a well‑defined, concave subsutural ramp.
The axial sculpture consists of usually strong, oblique axial ribs that occupy the shoulder and the area below it, but do not extend onto the subsutural ramp. These ribs may be reduced to mere knobs on the shoulder, or they may reach the periphery and even the shell base. The spiral sculpture is very similar among species and ranges from weak to rather strong and is formed by uniform spiral cords, which may be present or absent on the subsutural ramp.
The anal sinus is moderately deep, subsutural, and broadly arcuate. It spans the entire subsutural ramp and merges with a large forward extension of the outer lip. The shape and position of the anal sinus, which spans across the entire subsutural ramp but does not extend below the shoulder, distinguishes Leucosyrinx from Comitas. The operculum is narrow to moderately broad and leaf‑shaped, with a terminal nucleus.
The radular morphology is fairly uniform within the genus. The radular marginal teeth are duplex, narrow to broadly lanceolate, and appear rather flat in dorsal view, particularly in the anterior portion or tooth tip. The major limb is pointed, with sharp cutting edges; it is broadest at mid‑length and narrows toward both ends, and it shows a distinct socket on the dorsal surface where the accessory limb embeds. The central formation is very weak to completely absent, represented only by indistinct symmetrical folds of the membrane and, more rarely, by a very weak central cusp.
Distribution Leucosyrinx is a broadly distributed genus found in both the Indo-Pacific and Atlantic Oceans (from North Carolina to Argentina); also off Japan and Australia
Species Species within the genus Leucosyrinx include:
Leucosyrinx aequatorialis Thiele, 1925 (not Leucosyrinx equatorialis (Dall, 1919) (taxon inquirendum) ) Leucosyrinx allisoni (Rehder & Ladd, 1973) Leucosyrinx anteridion (R. B. Watson, 1881) Leucosyrinx arcana (E. A. Smith, 1899) Leucosyrinx archibenthalis Powell, 1969 Leucosyrinx argentina N. Sánchez & Pastorino, 2024 Leucosyrinx barashi Nordsieck, 1982 (taxon inquirendum) Leucosyrinx bernardeti Kantor, Fedosov & Puillandre, 2025 Leucosyrinx boiteuxi Kantor, Fedosov & Puillandre, 2025 Leucosyrinx bolbodes (Watson, 1881) Leucosyrinx bolognai (Bozzetti, 2001) Leucosyrinx bourgeoisae Kantor, Fedosov & Puillandre, 2025 Leucosyrinx breviplicata (E. A. Smith, 1899) † Leucosyrinx buricana Olsson, 1942 Leucosyrinx caecilia Thiele, 1925 Leucosyrinx canyonensis (Dell, 1956) † Leucosyrinx chloris Olsson, 1922 Leucosyrinx claviforma (Kosuge, 1992) † Leucosyrinx climoi Maxwell, 1988 Leucosyrinx curviplicata (Sysoev, 1996) Leucosyrinx derzellei Kantor, Fedosov & Puillandre, 2025 Leucosyrinx diomedea (A. W. B. Powell, 1969) Leucosyrinx elsa Thiele, 1925(taxon inquirendum) Leucosyrinx equatorialis (Dall, 1919) (taxon inquirendum) (not Leucosyrinx aequatorialis Thiele, 1925 Leucosyrinx erna Thiele, 1925 Leucosyrinx esilda (Dall, 1908) (taxon inquirendum) Leucosyrinx eurina (E. A. Smith, 1899) Leucosyrinx exulans (Dall, 1890) Leucosyrinx farhatorum Kantor, Fedosov & Puillandre, 2025 † Leucosyrinx fijiensis Ladd, 1982 Leucosyrinx floraecharlottae Kantor, Fedosov & Puillandre, 2025 Leucosyrinx gaelae Kantor, Fedosov & Puillandre, 2025 Leucosyrinx granuloplicata (Kosuge, 1992) Leucosyrinx gypsina (Dall, 1895) Leucosyrinx halicyria (Melvill, 1904) Leucosyrinx hemimeres (Watson, 1881) Leucosyrinx herilda (Dall, 1908) Leucosyrinx herosae Kantor, Fedosov & Puillandre, 2025 † Leucosyrinx iwaensis MacNeil, 1960 Leucosyrinx jeedara Kantor, Hallan & Criscione, 2022 Leucosyrinx julia Thiele, 1925 Leucosyrinx kirai (A. W. B. Powell, 1969) Leucosyrinx legalli Kantor, Fedosov & Puillandre, 2025 Leucosyrinx lemarcisi Kantor, Fedosov & Puillandre, 2025 Leucosyrinx lozoueti Kantor, Fedosov & Puillandre, 2025 Leucosyrinx luzonica (Powell, 1969) Leucosyrinx macrobertsoni Powell, 1958 Leucosyrinx madagascariensis Ardovini, 2022 Leucosyrinx maestratii Kantor, Fedosov & Puillandre, 2025 Leucosyrinx margaritae (E. A. Smith, 1904) Leucosyrinx melvilli (Schepman, 1913) Leucosyrinx modicae Kantor, Fedosov & Puillandre, 2025 † Leucosyrinx nicoya Olsson, 1942 Leucosyrinx nodulocordata Kantor, Fedosov & Puillandre, 2025 Leucosyrinx oliverioi Kantor, Fedosov & Puillandre, 2025 Leucosyrinx pagodaeformis (Schepman, 1913) Leucosyrinx palawanica (A. W. B. Powell, 1969) Leucosyrinx paupera (R. B. Watson, 1881) Leucosyrinx pelagia (Dall, 1881) Leucosyrinx placaisae Kantor, Fedosov & Puillandre, 2025 Leucosyrinx plebeia (Watson, 1881) Leucosyrinx powelli (Rehder & Ladd, 1973) Leucosyrinx quinetae Kantor, Fedosov & Puillandre, 2025 † Leucosyrinx rabbidgei Ladd, 1982 Leucosyrinx rattiae Kantor, Fedosov & Puillandre, 2025 Leucosyrinx ringevali Kantor, Fedosov & Puillandre, 2025 Leucosyrinx sansibarica Thiele, 1925 Leucosyrinx schepmani Kantor, Fedosov & Puillandre, 2025 Leucosyrinx subgrundifera (Dall, 1888) Leucosyrinx suratensis (Thiele, 1925) Leucosyrinx taludana Castellanos & Landoni, 1993(nomen dubium) Leucosyrinx thisbe (E. A. Smith, 1906) Leucosyrinx truwalamuka Kantor, Hallan & Criscione, 2022 Leucosyrinx turrita Sysoev, 1990 Leucosyrinx undosa (Schepman, 1913) Leucosyrinx urbanae Kantor, Fedosov & Puillandre, 2025 Leucosyrinx vanweddingenae Kantor, Fedosov & Puillandre, 2025 Leucosyrinx verrillii (Dall, 1881) † Leucosyrinx xenica Woodring, 1970 † Leucosyrinx yonegafukuroensis Iwai, 1959 Leucosyrinx zahariasi Kantor, Fedosov & Puillandre, 2025 Leucosyrinx zucconi Kantor, Fedosov & Puillandre, 2025
Synonyms Leucosyrinx amycus W.H. Dall, 1919: synonym of Aforia goodei (Dall, 1890) Leucosyrinx angusteplicata (Strebel, 1905): synonym of Antarctospira angusteplicata (Strebel, 1905) Leucosyrinx (Sibogasyrinx) archibenthalis Powell, 1969 : synonym of Sibogasyrinx archibenthalis (Powell, 1969) (basionym) Leucosyrinx aequatorialis Thiele, 1925: synonym of Comitas aequatorialis (Thiele, 1925) † Leucosyrinx alta (Harris, 1897): synonym of † Parasyrinx alta (Harris, 1897) Leucosyrinx angustiplicata (Strebel, 1905): synonym of Leucosyrinx angusteplicata (Strebel, 1905) Leucosyrinx badenpowelli Dell, 1990: synonym of Antarctospira badenpowelli (Dell, 1990) Leucosyrinx circinata Dall, 1873: synonym of Aforia circinata (Dall, 1873) Leucosyrinx circumcinctum Locard, 1897: synonym of Borsonia hirondelleae (Dautzenberg, 1891) Leucosyrinx clionella Dall, 1908: synonym of Burchia clionella (Dall, 1908) Leucosyrinx cuvierensis Mestayer, 1919: synonym of Terefundus cuvierensis (Mestayer, 1919) Leucosyrinx dalli (Bush, 1893): synonym of Corinnaeturris leucomata (Dall, 1881) Leucosyrinx eremita (Murdoch & Suter, 1906): synonym of Antimelatoma eremita (Murdoch & Suter, 1906) Leucosyrinx erica Thiele, 1925: synonym of Comispira erica (Thiele, 1925) Leucosyrinx erosina Dall, 1908: synonym of Borsonella erosina (Dall, 1908) Leucosyrinx erranea (Locard, 1897): synonym of Borsonia hirondelleae (Dautzenberg, 1891) Leucosyrinx falklandica Powell, 1951: synonym of Antarctospira falklandica (Powell, 1951) (original combination) Leucosyrinx galapagana Dall, 1919: synonym of Exilia cortezi (Dall, 1908) Leucosyrinx goodei Dall, 1890: synonym of Aforia goodei (Dall, 1890) Leucosyrinx gradata Thiele, 1925: synonym of Leucosyrinx verrillii (Dall, 1881) Leucosyrinx janetae Bartsch, 1934: synonym of Leucosyrinx verrillii (Dall, 1881) Leucosyrinx kantori McLean, 1995: synonym of Rhodopetoma amycus (Dall, 1919) (unnecessary replacement name for Antiplanes amycus, by McLean treated as a secondary homonym of Leucosyrinx amycus) Leucosyrinx kincaidi Dall, 1919: synonym of Aforia kincaidi (Dall, 1919) Leucosyrinx lancea Lee, 2001: synonym of Sibogasyrinx lancea (Y.-C. Lee, 2001) (superseded combination) Leucosyrinx macroberstoni Powell, 1958: synonym of Leucosyrinx macrobertsoni Powell, 1958 (misspelling) Leucosyrinx mai Li & Li, 2008: synonym of Comispira mai (B.-Q. Li & X.-Z. Li, 2008) (original combination) Leucosyrinx mawsoni Powell, 1958: synonym of Antarctospira mawsoni (Powell, 1958) (original combination) Leucosyrinx minatoensis Otuka, 1959: synonym of Aforia circinata (Dall, 1873) Leucosyrinx otohimei Ozaki, 1958: synonym of Aforia circinata (Dall, 1873) Leucosyrinx pacifica Dall, 1908: synonym of Belomitra pacifica (Dall, 1908) Leucosyrinx paragenota Powell, 1951: synonym of Antarctospira paragenota (Powell, 1951) Leucosyrinx paratenoceras Powell, 1951: synonym of Typhlodaphne paratenoceras (Powell, 1951) (original combination) Leucosyrinx persimilis (Dall, 1890): synonym of Aforia persimilis (Dall, 1890) Leucosyrinx pikei (Dell, 1963): synonym of Sibogasyrinx pikei (Dell, 1963) (unaccepted > superseded combination) Leucosyrinx pyramidalis (Schepman, 1913): synonym of Sibogasyrinx pyramidalis (Schepman, 1913) Leucosyrinx queenslandica Powell, 1969: synonym of Zemacies queenslandica (Powell, 1969) Leucosyrinx recta Hedley, 1903: synonym of Austrocarina recta (Hedley, 1903) † Leucosyrinx rugata (Conrad, 1862): synonym of † Nodisurculina rugata (Conrad, 1862) Leucosyrinx sigsbeei (Dall, 1881): synonym of Leucosyrinx verrillii (Dall, 1881) † Leucosyrinx subaltus P. Marshall & Murdoch, 1919: synonym of † Parasyrinx subalta (P. Marshall & R. Murdoch, 1919) Leucosyrinx tenoceras (Dall, 1889): synonym of Leucosyrinx verrillii (Dall, 1881) Leucosyrinx thomsoni Mestayer, 1919: synonym of Taranis nexilis bicarinata (Suter, 1915)
References
Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979
External links