Artaxerxes may refer to:
The throne name of several Achaemenid rulers of the 1st Persian Empire: Artaxerxes I (died 425 BC), Artaxerxes I Longimanus, r. 466–425 BC, son and successor of Xerxes I Artaxerxes II (436 BC–358 BC), Artaxerxes II Mnemon, r. 404–358 BC, son and successor of Darius II Artaxerxes III (425 BC–338 BC), Artaxerxes III Ochus, r. 358–338 BC, son and successor of Artaxerxes II Artaxerxes IV (died 336 BC), Artaxerxes IV Arses, r. 338–336 BC, son and successor of Artaxerxes III Artaxerxes V (died 329 BC), Artaxerxes V Bessus, r. 330–329 BC, nobleman who seized the throne from Darius III
Artaxerxes may also refer to: Ardeshir (disambiguation), the Middle and Modern Persian name descended from Old Persian equivalent of Artaxerxes, Artaxšacā Artaxerxes (opera), a 1762 opera by Thomas Arne 7212 Artaxerxes, a main-belt asteroid The wizard Artaxerxes, a character in J.R.R. Tolkien's novella "Roverandom"
See also Asha Artaxias (disambiguation) Artaserse