II Corps (German Empire)

The II Army Corps / II AK () was a corps level command of the Prussian and then the Imperial German Armies from the 19th Century to World War I.

It was established on 3 April 1820 with headquarters initially in Berlin. From 1837, the headquarters moved to Stettin (now Szczecin, Poland), back to Berlin in 1863, before finally settling in Stettin from 1870. The Corps catchment area included the Province of Pomerania, the district (Regierungsbezirk) of Bromberg from the Province of Posen and the Province of West Prussia.German Administrative History Accessed: 4 June 2012 Later, the West Prussian districts were transferred to the new XVII Corps District.

In peacetime, the Corps was assigned to the VIII Army Inspectorate, which became the 1st Army at the start of the First World War. The Corps headquarters was upgraded to form the headquarters of the South Army on 10 January 1915.

The Corps was reformed post-war, before being finally disbanded in 1919.

Austro-Prussian War The II Corps formed part of Prince Friedrich Karl of Prussia's 1st Army and fought in the Austro-Prussian War against Austria in 1866, including the Battle of Königgrätz.Hermann Cron et al., Ruhmeshalle unserer alten Armee (Berlin, 1935); Bredow

Franco-Prussian War The Corps fought in the Franco-Prussian War against France in 1870-71 as part of the 2nd Army. It saw action in the Battle of Gravelotte, Battle of Villiers (playing a key part), the Siege of Metz, and the Siege of Paris, among other actions.Hermann Cron et al., Ruhmeshalle unserer alten Armee (Berlin, 1935)

Peacetime organisation The 25 peacetime Corps of the German Army (Guards, I - XXI, I - III Bavarian) had a reasonably standardised organisation. Each consisted of two divisions with usually two infantry brigades, one field artillery brigade and a cavalry brigade each. Each brigade normally consisted of two regiments of the appropriate type, so each Corps normally commanded 8 infantry, 4 field artillery and 4 cavalry regiments. There were exceptions to this rule: V, VI, VII, IX and XIV Corps each had a 5th infantry brigade (so 10 infantry regiments) II, XIII, XVIII and XXI Corps had a 9th infantry regiment I, VI and XVI Corps had a 3rd cavalry brigade (so 6 cavalry regiments) the Guards Corps had 11 infantry regiments (in 5 brigades) and 8 cavalry regiments (in 4 brigades).They formed the Guards Cavalry Division, the only peacetime cavalry division in the German Army. Each Corps also directly controlled a number of other units. This could include one or more Foot Artillery Regiment Jäger Battalion Pioneer Battalion Train Battalion

+Peacetime organization of the Corps Corps Division Brigade Units Garrison II Corps 3rd Division 5th Infantry Brigade 2nd (1st Pomeranian) Grenadiers "King Frederick William IV"Stettin 9th (2nd Pomeranian) Colberg Grenadiers "Count Gneisenau"Stargard in Pommern 54th (7th Pomeranian) Infantry "von der Goltz"Kolberg, III Bn at Köslin 6th Infantry Brigade 34th (Pomeranian) Fusiliers "Queen Victoria of Sweden"Stettin, II Bn at Swinemünde 42nd (5th Pomeranian) Infantry "Prince Maurice of Anhalt-Dessau"Stralsund, III Bn at Greifswald 3rd Field Artillery Brigade 2nd (1st Pomeranian) Field ArtilleryKolberg, Belgard 38th (Vorpommersches) Field ArtilleryStettin 3rd Cavalry Brigade 2nd (Pomeranian) Cuirassiers “Queen”Pasewalk 9th (2nd Pomeranian) UhlansDemmin 4th Division 7th Infantry Brigade 14th (3rd Pomeranian) Infantry "Count Schwerin"Bromberg 149th (6th West Prussian) InfantrySchneidemühl, III Bn at Deutsch-Krone 8th Infantry Brigade 49th (6th Pomeranian) InfantryGnesen 140th (4th West Prussian) InfantryHohensalza 4th Field Artillery Brigade 17th (2nd Pomeranian) Field ArtilleryBromberg 53rd (Hinterpommersches) Field ArtilleryBromberg, Hohensalza 4th Cavalry Brigade 3rd (Neumark) Mounted Grenadiers "Baron Derfflinger"BrombergRanked as 3rd Dragoons. 12th (2nd Brandenburg) Dragoons "von Arnim"Gnesen Corps Troops 2nd (1st Pomeranian) Foot Artillery "von Hindersin"Swinemünde, Emden 15th (2nd Pomeranian) Foot ArtilleryBromberg, Graudenz 2nd (Pomeranian) Pioneer Battalion Stettin 2nd (Pomeranian) Train BattalionAltdamm

World War I

Organisation on mobilisation On mobilization on 2 August 1914, the Corps was restructured. The 3rd Cavalry Brigade was withdrawn to form part of the 4th Cavalry Division and the 4th Cavalry Brigade was broken up and its regiments assigned to the divisions as reconnaissance units. The divisions received engineer companies and other support units from the Corps headquarters. In summary, II Corps mobilised with 24 infantry battalions, 8 machine gun companies (48 machine guns), 8 cavalry squadrons, 24 field artillery batteries (144 guns), 4 heavy artillery batteries (16 guns), 3 pioneer companies and an aviation detachment.

+Initial wartime organization of the Corps Corps Division Brigade Units II Corps 3rd Division 5th Infantry Brigade 2nd Grenadier Regiment 9th Grenadier Regiment 6th Infantry Brigade 34th Fusilier Regiment 42nd Infantry Regiment 3rd Field Artillery Brigade 2nd Field Artillery Regiment 38th Field Artillery Regiment 3rd Horse Grenadier Regiment 1st Company, 2nd Pioneer Battalion 3rd Divisional Pontoon Train 1st Medical Company 3rd Medical Company 4th Division 7th Infantry Brigade 14th Infantry Regiment 149th Infantry Regiment 8th Infantry Brigade 49th Infantry Regiment 140th Infantry Regiment 6th Field Artillery Brigade 17th Field Artillery Regiment 53rd Field Artillery Regiment 12th Dragoon Regiment 2nd Company, 2nd Pioneer Battalion 3rd Company, 2nd Pioneer Battalion 4th Divisional Pontoon Train 2nd Medical Company Corps Troops I Battalion, 15th Foot Artillery Regiment4 heavy artillery batteries (16 heavy field howitzers) 30th Aviation Detachment 2nd Corps Pontoon Train 2nd Telephone Detachment 2nd Pioneer Searchlight Section Munition Columns and Train I & II Munition Column Sections(4th Inf. & 9th Art. Munition Columns) I/15th Foot Artillery Munition Section(with 8 Columns) I & II Train Section(12 Field Hospitals, 6 Supply Columns, 7 Supply Parks, 2 Horse Depts.) 2 Field Bakery Columns

Combat chronicle On mobilisation, II Corps was assigned to the 1st Army, which was on the right wing of the forces for the Schlieffen Plan offensive in August 1914 on the Western Front. It saw action in the invasion of Belgium (Battle of Mons), the First Battle of the Marne, and the Race to the Sea (culminating in the First Battle of Ypres as part of the 6th Army). Thereafter, the Corps was transferred to the Eastern Front, joining the 9th Army. The Corps headquarters was upgraded to form the headquarters of the South Army on 10 January 1915.

Commanders The II Corps had the following commanders during its existence:German Administrative History Accessed: 5 June 2012German War History Accessed: 5 June 2012The Prussian Machine Accessed: 5 June 2012

From Rank Name 1813General der InfanterieFriedrich Graf Kleist von Nollendorf 20 March 1820 General der Infanterie Crown Prince Frederick William of Prussia 30 March 1838 Generalleutnant Karl Heinrich von Block 30 March 1839 General der Kavallerie Karl Friedrich Emil zu Dohna-Schlobitten 7 April 1842 Generalleutnant Friedrich Graf von Wrangel 3 November 1849 General der Infanterie Friedrich Wilhelm von Grabow 7 May 1857 General der Infanterie Johann Georg von Wussow 29 January 1863 General der Infanterie Karl Friedrich von Steinmetz 18 May 1864 General der Infanterie Crown Prince Frederick William of Prussia 17 May 1866 Generalleutnant Stephan von Schmidt 17 September 1866 General der Infanterie Crown Prince Frederick William of Prussia 18 July 1870 General der Infanterie Eduard von Fransecky 20 March 1871 General der Kavallerie Otto Hann von Weyhern 14 June 1881 General der Infanterie Ferdinand von Dannenberg 15 January 1887 General der Infanterie Ernst von der Burg 28 October 1891 General der Infanterie Hermann von Blomberg 27 January 1898 General der Kavallerie Arnold von Langenbeck 21 September 1906 General der Infanterie Josias von Heeringen 1 September 1909 – 10 January 1915 General der Infanterie Alexander von Linsingen 17 December 1918 Generalleutnant Richard von Kraewel 23 June 1919 Generalleutnant Ernst von Oven

II Corps (German Empire)

Bron en licentie