The following is a list of various titles associated with religion, politics, nobility, or the military, as used by various Iranian peoples and dynasties.
By dynasty
Median Military Taxmaspada (Spada) armyFarrokh, Kaveh. Shadows in the Desert: Ancient Persia at War. Osprey Publishing, 2007. Pages 33, 39, 47, 60, 76, 77 Asbari literally meaning "horse bearers", cavalry Anuvaniya archers Rsika spearmen Pasti infantry
Achaemenid Military Anusiya companions, believed to be the word of which the Persian Immortals is derived Kara literally meaning "peoples army", designation applied to the early armies of Cyrus the Great Navpati/naupati Naval commander Sparabara Literally meaning shield (spara) bearer
Political Khshathrapāvā governor Databdara Administrator of the courts, literally meaning "law bearer", who may have been a combination of the modern-day judge, law officer, or constable
Religious Saoshyant Zoroastrian notion, similar to "Messiah"
Sasanian Military Vuzurg framadhār Great commander; managed the affairs of stateFarrokh, K. (2005). Elite Sassanian Cavalry: 226-651 AD. England: Osprey Elite Series 110, Osprey Publishing. Pages 7-8 Aspbad Commander of the Savaran Sardar Savaran Arzbad-e-Aspwaragan Chief instructor of the Savaran Spahbed Army general who could also be a military governor Marzban Province governor, and the same role as a spahbed or strictly an army general in the province Padgospan Assistant of the spahbad Padan Spahbed's officers Framandar Battle field commanders Paygospan Provincial military commanders Arteshtaran-salar Chief of Warriors, a term reserved for warriors displaying great bravery in battle
Political Eran-Spahbad Minister of Defense and commander in chief of the army Andarzbad Counsel to the Shah. Kanarange (Eastern Iranian term) The title given to a marzban of Central Asia Istandar Leader of an istan (a province or district area within a province) Argbadh Highest military title and was held by members of the royal family Rasnan A less defined title Artabid Title for Azadan families who were entrusted with specific duties, such as crowning each new monarch Karrogbadh Chief of imperial workers; a rather unimportant position mostly delegated to Christians, especially during the reign of Khosrow II.Arthur Christensen, Sassanid Persia. Vastrioshan Salar Minister of agriculture, commerce and industries.Dehkhoda Persian Dictionary Vuzurgan Grand nobles, who would be present at coronation ceremonies
Religious Hirbad or Hirbod/Herbed; Protector and caretaker of fire temple, Zoroastrian judge and arbiter.Dehkhoda Dictionary Mogh Zoroastrian Magi (plural: Moghan) Mobad or Mowbed; High-ranking Priest (moghpati, moghbadh; plural: Mobadan) Mobadan Mobad or Mowbedan Mowbed; Chief of the clergy
Safavid Dah-bashi Commander of 10 soldiers (lit. head of 10) Yuz-bashi Commander of 100 soldiers Amir Tuman Commander of 1000 soldiers
Qajar Political Malekeh Queen Malekeh Jahan World Queen, title shared by Malek Jahan Khanom, Naser al-Din Shah's mother, and Malekeh Jahan, Mohammad Ali Shah's wife. Mahd-e Oliaa "Queen Mother" (lit. Mahd = hearth or cradle; Olia' = most high; thus = "most high hearth or cradle" or "most high life giving place"; i.e., place from whence one is born, and thus more elegantly translated as "Sublime Cradle." Hence the title bearer is the mother of the next Shah), associated with some Qajar queens, especially Asiye Khanum Ezzeddin, Fath Ali Shah's mother, and Malek Jahan Khanom. A'laa Hazrat "Your Most High Majesty" in reference to the king. Appellation of Persian/Iranian kings. Oliaa' Hazrat Literally meaning "Your Most High Majesty" in reference to the Queen. Title specifically created for Malekeh Jahan. Khan Leader, usually of a tribe Shahzadeh Prince, used specifically to refer to Qajar princes
By people
Kurds Peshmerga the term used by Kurds to refer to armed Kurdish fighters.
Imperial and Royal titles
Shahanshah Emperor (lit. "King of Kings") Shah King Keyaksar (Cyaxares) The one high King Padeshah Great King Shahzadeh Prince (lit. "born of a king" i.e., "of kingly birth or parentage") Arranshah King of Arran Layzanshah King of Layzan Shirvanshah King of Shirvan (see also: Shirvanshahs)
References