Nawabganj is a town and nagar panchayat in Hasanganj tehsil of Unnao district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located northeast of Unnao on the Lucknow-Kanpur road, near the Ajgain railway station. Founded in 1842 and first officially classified as a town for the 1981 census, Nawabganj once served as the seat of a tehsil under the Nawabs of Awadh and is today the headquarters of a community development block containing 124 villages.

Nawabganj is the site of Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary, which was established in 1984 at the site of a local lake. Designated as a protected Ramsar site since September 2019, the sanctuary is home to over 25,000 birds (including both resident and migratory populations) across some 220 species. Among the species present are the endangered Egyptian vulture and Pallas's fish eagle, as well as the vulnerable lesser adjutant and woolly-necked stork. Additionally, the sanctuary is home to larger mammals including the golden jackal and the jungle cat.

Nawabganj hosts a large annual fair at the end of Chait in honour of the goddesses Durga Devi and Kusahri Devi. The fair is one of the largest in the district, drawing visitors from Lucknow and Kanpur. The Durga temple is in Nawabganj, while the Kusahri temple is in the neighbouring village of Kusumbhi to the north. Major products manufactured in Nawabganj include fireworks, jaggery, and sweets. As of 2011, the town's population is 11,545, in 1,985 households.

History Nawabganj was founded in 1842 by Amin-ud-Daulah, the prime minister of Oudh State, who also built a sarai and mosque here. Naubat Rai, the state's treasurer, was responsible for the construction of the tank. Under the Nawabs of Awadh, Nawabganj was the seat of a tehsil and also had a thana, but it declined in importance after the tehsil was relocated and the population shrank as a result: it was 3,123 in 1869, but by 1891 it had fallen to 2,840. The 1901 census recorded a population of 2,789, including a Muslim minority of about one-sixth of the total.

Demographics

According to the 2011 census, Nawabganj has a population of 11,545 people, in 1,985 households. The town's sex ratio is 934 females to every 1000 males; 5,968 of Nawabganj's residents are male (51.7%) and 5,577 are female (48.3%). The 0-6 age group makes up about 12.7% of the town's population; among this group, the sex ratio is 964, which is higher than the district urban average of 903. Members of Scheduled Castes make up 23.55% of the town's population and members of Scheduled Tribes make up 1.22%. The proportion of scheduled tribes in Nawabganj is the highest among towns in Unnao district. The town's literacy rate was 70.6% (counting only people age 7 and up); literacy was higher among men and boys (75.2%) than among women and girls (65.6%). The corresponding gap of 17.3% was the highest among towns in the district. The scheduled castes literacy rate is 57.2% (63.5% among men and boys, and 50.7% among women and girls).

In terms of employment, 25.2% of Nawabganj residents were classified as main workers (i.e. people employed for at least 6 months per year) in 2011. Marginal workers (i.e. people employed for less than 6 months per year) made up 3.1%, and the remaining 71.7% were non-workers. Employment status varied substantially according to gender, with 49.8% of men being either main or marginal workers, compared to only 5.3% of women.

Transport The train station is at the nearby village of Kusambi, 1.5 km north of Nawabganj. There are 7.4 km of roads in the town, and it is connected by bus routes with other towns.

Communications Nawabganj's PIN code is 209859 and its postal head office is Nawabganj (Unnao).

Tourism Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary, a bird sanctuary (chandra shekhar azad) and nature reserve, is located near the town. Shri Durga Mata temple is located in the town. Shri Kushahari Mata temple is 3 k.m. away from the town near kusumbhi railway station.

Villages Nawabganj CD block has the following 124 villages:

Village name Total land area (hectares) Population (in 2011) Birsingh Pur 1.3 6,190 Shahpur 180 739 Bhademoo 121 938 Raipur Gadhi 61.5 1,886 Dilwal 57.1 1,337 Birsindhi Maletha 443.5 2,215 Nana Tikur 190.8 1,817 Athari 65.8 583 Piprosa 145.9 1,170 Sindhuriya 137.4 608 Bhaoli 0 11,171 Jansar 781.5 4,573 Dariyapur 180 1,606 Baharuddeen Pur 138.5 1,283 Sadhira 226.1 1,812 Jalal 117.4 614 Jatkherwa 91.9 447 Pakri Gawan 115 629 Ajijpur 156.3 1,158 Rainapur 155.2 1,250 Itkuti 249.2 1,574 Teliyani 84.8 422 Shekhpur 106.1 502 Mahatwani 80 1,042 Mundera 184.1 769 Dahraoli 87.2 919 Saraosa 301 1,376 Ajaiya Khera 102.2 792 Kasanda 83.4 629 Jagdeeshpur 507.7 2,762 Bichpri 108.5 2,104 Chamaraoli 278.2 3,731 Rahamatpur 39.9 784 Pali 364.4 1,480 Chilaola 22.5 828 Sewara 77.4 785 Marocha 139.2 594 Makur 841.1 4,306 Chak Aima 19.8 0 Amramau 140.1 222 Kushumbhi 902.5 5,453 Ajgain 324.4 8,296 Malaon 428.9 3,878 Baruwa 121.7 769 Khwajgipur 64.2 583 Kewana 650.8 4,246 Salonepur 86.2 567 Gauri 92.7 873 Dewara 107 503 Sarai Indal 119.9 1,083 Korara 119.9 875 Kharehra 200.1 700 Kunjpur 185.8 1,434 Gaora Katherua 0 2,624 Sikunderpur 114.9 735 Tikwamau 101.5 696 Jaitipur 134.1 5,150 Rampur 101.6 796 Makhdoompur 527.2 1,114 Amretha 138.8 1,086 Pachiyanw 256 0 Ravanhar 125.2 907 Etbarpur 171.5 1,061 Sersa 452 2,321 Salempur 115.4 1,173 Madoo Khera 220.7 1,419 Khajoori 84.6 189 Kushehri 62 1,569 Parsandan 678.7 3,946 Sarai Joga 42.4 3,023 Jahangeerabad 83.2 900 Barela 164.1 875 Pirhri 118 578 Bhitrepar 158.9 862 Baheriya Bujurg 112.9 348 Kateharo 88.7 934 Baheriya Khurd 156.4 833 Paithar 296 1,598 Marwai Naimpur 264 1,545 Gokulpur 93 684 Devipur 56.3 491 Jagdeesh Pur 125.8 437 Mohammad Pur 135.7 894 Nadauha 184.9 1,105 Rudrawara 167.7 1,403 Kapoor Khera 69.4 724 Himmat Garh 388.4 2,663 Raipur Khelamao 183.6 1,449 Mauhari 149.5 1,207 Ashakhera 216.5 4,950 Bichpari 0 583 Bhainsora 0 2,021 Dhakhiya 43.8 342 Mirjapur 134.2 980 Arjunamau 146 1,923 Saroti 195.4 1,264 Shahampur 36.8 0 Nibahari Kalyanpur 121.9 794 Bajeharo 231.8 1,198 Matiyamao 99 754 Soharamao 122.4 2,181 Lalpur 165.8 793 Rasulpur 67.1 1,326 Mahnora 613 2,857 Chak Sohramao 29.9 662 Hasnapur 105.5 917 Hinora 61.2 508 Tendewa Heera Kuddi 199.1 1,672 Banduwa 33.2 0 Balhaumao 232.2 1,228 Shekhpur 158.5 1,250 Patkapur 124.6 672 Kakraha Pathraha 96.8 719 Kotwan 155.8 883 Ranipur 178.6 1,525 Devaya Mavaya 93.7 302 Paraura 99.8 572 Wajidpur 64.4 457 Majhgawan 49.7 1 Naugawan 58.1 347 Salarpur 107.1 374 Dhanni Khera 102.4 486 Gaurenda 129.8 1,291

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