Daniel Duncan (July 22, 1806 – May 18, 1849) was an American politician who served as the U.S. representative from Ohio's 10th congressional district from 1847 to 1849.

Born in Shippensburg, Pennsylvania, Duncan completed preparatory studies. He attended Jefferson College, Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, in 1825. He moved to Newark, Ohio, in 1828. He engaged in mercantile pursuits. He served as member of the State house of representatives in 1843. He was an unsuccessful Whig candidate for election to the State senate in 1844.

Duncan was elected as a Whig to the Thirtieth Congress (March 4, 1847 – March 3, 1849). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1848 to the Thirty-first Congress. He died in Washington, D.C., on May 18, 1849. He was interred in the Newark Graveyard, Newark, Ohio.

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