The American Psychology–Law Society (AP–LS) is an academic society for legal and forensic psychologists, as well as general psychologists who are interested in the application of psychology to the law. AP–LS serves as Division 41 of the American Psychological Association and publishes the academic journal Law and Human Behavior.

Goals and publications

The American Psychology–Law Society pursues three primary goals: to advance the contributions of psychology to the understanding of law and legal institutions through basic and applied research; to promote the education of psychologists in legal matters and the education of legal professionals in psychological matters; and to inform both the psychological and legal communities, as well as the general public, about current research, educational initiatives, and service activities in the field of psychology and law. The AP-LS publishes the journal Law and Human Behavior and a monthly e-mailed newsletter entitled AP-LS News.

History

The American Psychology–Law Society (AP-LS) was developed at a San Francisco meeting in September 1968, by founders Eric Dreikurs and Jay Ziskin. The society was first created for forensic and clinical psychologists. The first newsletter was published in October 1968. The original constitution was published later that year, and outlined the reasons for creating the society. These were to promote the study of law, influence legislation and policy, and to promote psychology in legal processes. A year after the San Francisco meeting, the AP-LS had 101 members. Most of the members were clinical psychologists, and nine of these original members were women.

This group had a stronger focus on psychology, as opposed to the Law and Society Association, which has similar goals, but a broader focus.

There was a controversy in 1971, when the founder, Jay Ziskin, wrote a book which stated that psychological evidence often did not meet reasonable criteria and should not be used in court of law. This statement sprouted debate in the society and caused the society's popularity to decline for a while. After this, June Louin Tapp became president of the society.

In 1976, Bruce Sales became the society's president, and helped refocus the society on the field of psychology and law. Sales had the goal to have the American Psychology–Law Society be the driving force behind the group. Sales, along with Ronald Roesch, helped the group publish many books, including Psychology in the Legal Process, Perspectives in Law and Psychology, and the journal Law and Human Behavior.

In the 1980s, Florence Kaslow asked the group to help develop a certification for forensic psychologists, but the group was not interested. This led Kaslow to create the American Board of Forensic Psychology, which helped keep the American Psychology–Law Society and forensic psychology separated. In the 1980s Division 41 of the APA began to discuss law and psychology, and began covering many similar policies of the AP-LS. Therefore, in 1983, Division 41 and AP-LS merged, under the agreement that Law and Human Behavior would be the journal for the group, and that the biennial meetings would continue to be held. The "new AP-LS" allowed for previous presidents to have a second term in the society, including Bruce Sales, who was the first president of the merged society.

Specialty Guidelines

In 1991, the Committee on Ethical Guidelines for Forensic Psychologists began working to establish rules for forensic psychologists to follow in the court room. In 1992, the committee released "Specialty Guidelines" for forensic psychologists, on top of the Code of Conduct that they already were required to follow. Additionally in the 1990s, the society also established the Committee on Careers and Education, to help students find training programs to become psychologists in the legal system. In 1995, they held a conference to discuss education at undergraduate and post doctorate levels, how to offer legal psychology courses in the curriculum, and how to offer students experiences. The AP-LS also provides grants and funding for students who are interested in attending school for law-related psychology.

The Specialty Guidelines for Forensic Psychologists were first published in 1991. They are guidelines for forensic psychologists to encourage professional, quality, and systematic work in the law system and to those who the forensic psychologists serve. These are the only sets of APA-approved guidelines for a specific area of practice. The guidelines cover 11 points – responsibilities, competence, diligence, relationship, fees, informed consent notification and assent, conflicts in practice, privacy confidentiality and privilege, methods and procedures, assessment, and professional and other public communications.

After an extensive revision process, the Specialty Guidelines for Forensic Psychology were updated in October 2012.

Membership

The AP-LS is composed of APA members, graduate and undergraduate students, and people in related fields to join the society. The members primarily have an interest in psychology and law issues. Many members are also members of the American Psychological Association, though it is not a requirement. Members gain access to the publications of Law and Human Behavior and the American Psychology-Law newsletter.

Awards and honors

The AP-LS offers many grants and aid for undergraduates, graduates, early careers professionals, and research. In addition to grants, many awards are handed out yearly.

The AP-LS Award for Best Undergraduate Paper: This award is given to an undergraduate student who has a paper focused on psychology and law. Dissertation Awards: These awards are distributed for scientific research relevant to the study of psychology and law. Winners may present their research at the AP-LS annual conference. The Saleem Shah Award: This award is also sponsored by the American Academy of Forensic Psychology. It is awarded for early career excellence and contributions to the field. Outstanding Teaching and Mentoring in the Field of Psychology and Law: This is an award to recognize excellence in teaching of subjects related to psychology and law. AP-LS Award for Distinguished Contribution to Psychology and Law: This is not awarded on a regular basis. It is an award reserved for unusual excellence and contributions in the field that are so important that it merits special commendations. The American Psychology-Law Society Book Award: This is awarded to a book each year to recognize outstanding scholarship in the field of psychology and law. AP-LS/AACP Award for Contributions to Correctional Psychology: This is also given by the American Association for Correctional Psychology. This award is given to professionals who have made an impact on the field of correctional psychology.

Publications Law and Human Behavior: This journal is published six times a year. It discusses the issues that arise in law and psychology, including the legal process, the legal system, and the relationships between these and human behavior. AP-LS News: AP-LS publishes a monthly newsletter that is sent to its full e-mail list of members. These newsletters update on activities, volunteer and leadership opportunities, important legal cases that are occurring, new publications, and emerging topics in the field of psychology and the law. Past newsletters are available here: https://ap-ls.org/newsletter.

Division 41 Presidents

Year President 1969-70 Jay Ziskin 1970-71 Robert Kaplan 1971-72 Edward Shobin 1972-73 June Louin-Tapp 1973-74 Leonard Bellinson 1974-75 Alice Padawar-Singer 1975-76 Michael Nash 1976-77 Bruce Dennis Sales 1977-78 Paul Lipsitt 1978-79 John Monahan 1979-80 Leonard Bickman 1980-81 Donald Bersoff 1981-82 John Monahan 1982-83 David Rosenhan 1983-84 Patrick DeLeon 1984-85 Elizabeth Loftus 1985–86 Bruce Dennis Sales 1986–87 Stephen J. Morse 1987–88 Shari Seidman Diamond 1988–89 Michael Jay Saks 1989–90 Thomas Grisso 1990–91 Gary B. Melton 1991–92 Stephen L. Golding 1992–93 Norman G. Poythress Jr. 1993–94 Ronald Roesch 1994–95 Jane S. Goodman-Delahunty 1995–96 Kirk Stephen Heilbrun 1996–97 Gail S. Goodman 1997–98 John C. Brigham 1998–99 James R. P. Ogloff 1999–00 Murray Levine 2000–01 Steve Penrod 2001–02 Stephen D. Hart 2002–03 Randy K. Otto 2003–04 Solomon M. Fulero 2004–05 Edie Greene 2005–06 Gary L. Wells 2006–07 Joel A. Dvoskin 2007–08 Margaret Bull Kovera 2008–09 Saul Kassin 2009–10 Edward P. Mulvey 2010–11 Patricia A. Griffin 2011–12 Brian L. Cutler 2012–13 William E. Foote 2013–14 Jennifer Skeem 2014–15 Patricia Zapf 2015–16 Jennifer Woolard 2016–17 David DeMatteo 2017–18 Eve Brank 2018–19 Kevin S. Douglas 2019–20 Jennifer Groscup 2020–21 Allison D. Redlich 2021–22 Lora Levett 2022–23 Barry Rosenfeld 2023–24 Daniel Murrie 2024–25 Christian Meissner 2025-26 Randy Salekin

References

External links American Psychology–Law Society Website Division 41 description from the American Psychological Association 2008 AP-LS Conference