Lophiosilurus is a genus of catfish in the family Pseudopimelodidae, which is endemic to South America. The genus was long thought to be monotypic, with L. alexandri as its only species, but a 2021 study determined the genus Cephalosilurus to be paraphyletic with respects to L. alexandri; consequently, Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes considers Cephalosilurus as a junior synonym of Lophiosilurus, though the World Register of Marine Species/FishBase retains two species in the former.
The following species are accepted by EcOF (species retained in Cephalosilurus by WoRMS are marked with C): Lophiosilurus albomarginatus (C. H. Eigenmann, 1912) (Tukeit, Guyana) Lophiosilurus alexandri (C. H. Eigenmann, 1912) (São Francisco River) Lophiosilurus apurensis (Mees, 1978) (Rio Arichuna, Apure) Lophiosilurus fowleri Haseman, 1911 (São Francisco River basin) C Lophiosilurus nigricaudus (Mees, 1974) (Sipaliwini District, Suriname) C
Phylogeny The following cladogram is based on a 2021 phylogenetic study of morphology that lumped Cephalosilurus into Lophiosilurus:
References