The Khitan people (Khitan small script: ; ) were a historical para-Mongolic nomadic people from Northeast Asia who, from the 4th century, inhabited an area corresponding to parts of modern Mongolia, Northeast China and the Russian Far East. As a people they descended from the proto-Mongols through the Xianbei.
The period of the Ancient Eight Tribes Hechen (何辰) a Khitan chieftain (baghatur) (契丹莫弗賀) (ca. 470) Mer-gan (Hanzi : 勿于 pinyin : Wuyu) another baghatur (ca. 479) Duomi Khagan (多彌可汗) (ca. 585)
The Dahe Tribal Confederation (618-730) (大賀氏)
Governor-general of Songmo (松漠都督) Name of the clan(Khitan or granted Chinese) First namePeriod of reignChinese characters WesternizedChinese characters Westernized大賀氏Dahe咄羅Duoluo618/622-627大賀氏Dahe摩會Mohui627-644大賀氏Dahe李窟哥(Li) Kuge644-653/658大賀氏Dahe阿卜固 / 阿不固Abugu653/658-660UnknownUnknownUnknownUnknown660-675大賀氏Dahe李盡忠Li Jinzhong675-696内稽氏Neiji tribe孫萬榮Sun Wanrong696-697大賀氏Dahe李失活(Li) Shihuo697-717大賀氏Dahe李娑固 / 李婆固(Li) Suogu / (Li) Pogu717-720大賀氏Dahe李郁于 / 李鬱干(Li) Yuyu / (Li) Yugan720-722/724大賀氏Dahe李吐于 / 李吐干 / 李咄于(Li) Tuyu / (Li) Tugan / (Li) Duoyu722/724-725大賀氏Dahe李邵固(Li) Shaogu725-730
Prefecture of Xuanzhou (玄州) Khitans tribes who did not belong to the Dahe confederation but living at the same period
Name of the clan(Khitan or granted Chinese) First namePeriod of reignChinese characters WesternizedChinese characters Westernized(李)去閭(Li) Qulü據曲 / 曲據Juqu / Quju646-648
Other Khitan chieftains (酋長)
Tanmozhe (貪沒折) (ca. 630)
The Yaonian Tribal Confederation (730-906) (遙輦氏)
The supreme chieftain of the Khitan (khagans) Title name(Khitan or granted Chinese) First namePeriod of reignChinese characters WesternizedChinese characters Westernized洼可汗Wa khaghan屈列Julü (Qulie)730-734北平郡王Prince of Beiping李過折(Li) Guozhe735阻午可汗Zuwu Khagan俎里(李懷秀/李懷節)Zuli (Li) Huaixiu/(Li) Huaijie735-745胡剌可汗Hula khaghan楷落Kailuo746-778蘇可汗Su khaghanUnknownUnknown778-800鮮質可汗Xianzhi khaghanUnknownUnknown800-820昭古可汗Zhaogu khaghanUnknownUnknown820-842耶瀾可汗Yelan khaghan屈戌Qushu842-860巴剌可汗Bala khaghan習爾之 / 習爾Xi'erzhi / Xi'er860-882痕德堇可汗 / 痕德可汗Hendeji khaghan/Hende khaghan欽德Qinde882-906
Liao dynasty (916-1125)
There were nine emperors of the Liao dynasty, which at its height ruled over an area composing modern day Mongolia and northern China for over two hundred years. The emperors of the Liao dynasty were Khitans from Yelü clan.
+ Liao Dynasty 916–1125 Temple Names (Miao Hao 廟號 miàohào) Posthumous Names (Shi Hao 諡號 shìhào) Birth Names Period of Reigns Era Names (Nian Hao 年號 niánhào) and their according range of years Convention: "Liao" + temple name except Liao Tianzuodi who is referred using "Liao" + posthumous name Taizu (太祖 Tàizǔ) Shen Tian Huangdi Yelü Abaoji (耶律阿保機 Yēlǜ Ābǎojī) 916–926 Shence (神冊 Shéncè) 916-922Bo (1977) 842-845.Tianzan (天贊 Tiānzàn) 922-926Bo (1977), pp. 845-849. Taizong (太宗 Tàizōng) Xiao Wu Huangdi Yelü Deguang (耶律德光 Yēlǜ Déguāng) 926–947 Tianxian (天顯 Tiānxiǎn) 926-937Bo (1977), pp. 849-856.Huitong (會同 Huìtóng) 937-947Bo (1977), pp. 856-863.Datong (大同 Dàtóng) 947Bo (1977), p. 863. Shizong (世宗 Shìzōng) Tian Shou Huangdi Yelü Ruan (耶律阮 Yēlǜ Ruǎn) 947–951 Tianlu (天祿 Tiānlù) 947-951Bo (1977), pp. 863-867. Muzong (穆宗 Mùzōng) Yelü Jing (耶律璟 Yēlǜ Jǐng) 951–969 Yingli (應曆 Yìnglì) 951-969Bo (1977), pp. 867-879. Jingzong (景宗 Jǐngzōng) Yelü Xian (耶律賢 Yēlǜ Xián) 969–982 Baoning (保寧 Bǎoníng) 969-979Bo (1977), pp. 879-882.Qianheng (乾亨 Qiánhēng) 979-982Bo (1977), pp. 882-883. Shengzong (聖宗 Shèngzōng) Wen Wu Da Xiao Xuan Huangdi Yelü Longxu (耶律隆緒 Yēlǜ Lóngxù) 982–1031 Qianheng (乾亨 Qiánhēng) 982Tonghe (統和 Tǒnghé) 983-1012Bo (1977), pp. 883-893.Kaitai (開泰 Kāitài) 1012-1021Bo (1977), pp. 893-895.Taiping (太平 Tàipíng) 1021-1031Bo (1977), pp. 895-896. Xingzong (興宗 Xīngzōng) Xiao Zheng Huangdi Yelü Zongzhen (耶律宗真 Yēlǜ Zōngzhēn) 1031–1055 Jingfu (景福 Jǐngfú) 1031-1032Bo (1977), p. 896.Chongxi (重熙 Chóngxī) 1032-1055Bo (1977), pp. 896-905. Daozong (道宗 Dàozōng) Yelü Hongji (耶律洪基 Yēlǜ Hóngjī) 1055–1101 Qingning (清寧 Qīngníng) 1055-1064Bo (1977), pp. 905-908.Xianyong (咸雍 Xiányōng) 1065-1074Bo (1977), pp. 908-913.Taikang (太康 Tàikāng) or Dakang (大康 Dàkāng) 1075-1084Bo (1977), pp. 913-917.Da'an (大安 Dà'ān) 1085-1094Bo (1977), pp. 918-921.Shouchang (壽昌 Shòuchāng) or Shoulong (壽隆 Shòulóng) 1095-1101Bo (1977), pp. 922-927. Tianzuodi (天祚帝 Tiānzuòdì) Yelü Yanxi (耶律延禧 Yēlǜ Yánxǐ) 1101–1125 Qiantong (乾統 Qiántǒng) 1101-1110Bo (1977), pp. 927-929.Tianqing (天慶 Tiānqìng) 1111-1120Bo (1977), pp. 929-932.Baoda (保大 Bǎodà) 1121-1125Bo (1977), pp. 933-935.
Qara Khitai/Western Liao (1124-1218)
+ Sovereigns of Qara Khitai 1124–1218 Temple Names (Miao Hao 廟號 miàohào) Posthumous Names (Shi Hao 諡號 shìhào) Birth Names Convention Period of Reign Era Names (Nian Hao 年號 niánhào) and their according range of years Dezong (德宗 Dézōng) Tianyouwuliedi (天祐武烈帝 Tiānyòuwǔlièdì) Yelü Dashi (耶律大石 Yēlǜ Dàshí or 耶律達實 Yēlǜ Dáshí) 1 use birth name 1124–1144 Yanqing (延慶 Yánqìng) 1124 or 1125–1134 Kangguo (康國 Kāngguó) 1134–1144 Did not exist Gantianhou (感天后 Gǎntiānhòu) Tabuyan (塔不煙 Tǎbùyān) "Xi Liao" + posthumous name 1144–1150 Xianqing (咸清 Xiánqīng) 1144–1150 Emperor Renzong of Western Liao (仁宗 Rénzōng) Too tedious thus not used when referring to this sovereign Yelü Yilie (耶律夷列 Yēlǜ Yíliè) "Xi Liao" + temple name 1150–1164 Shaoxing (紹興 Shàoxīng) or Xuxing (Xùxīng 續興)2 1150–1164 Did not exist Chengtianhou (承天后 Chéngtiānhòu) Yelü Pusuwan (耶律普速完 Yēlǜ Pǔsùwán) "Xi Liao" + posthumous name 1164–1178 Chongfu (崇福 Chóngfú) 1164–1178 Did not exist Mozhu (末主 Mòzhǔ) or Modi (末帝 Mòdì) Yelü Zhilugu (耶律直魯古 Yēlǜ Zhílǔgǔ) use birth name 1178–1211 Tianxi (天禧 Tiānxī) 1178–1218 Did not exist Did not exist Kuchlug (Ch. 屈出律 Qūchūlǜ) use birth name 1211–12181 "Dashi" might be the Chinese title "Taishi", meaning "vizier"; or, it could mean "Stone" in Turkish, as the Chinese transliteration suggests. 2 Recently discovered Western Liao coins have the era name "Xuxing", suggesting that the era name "Shaoxing" recorded in Chinese sources may be incorrect.
Qutlugh-Khanid dynasty
Remarks The family name Li is a "rewarded" name being similar to the Emperor's name Li of the Tang dynasty.
See also
Khitan people History of the Khitans
References
External links