Bradybaeninae is a taxonomic subfamily of medium-sized to small land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Camaenidae. Members of the subfamily Bradybaeninae are defined by the presence of two divided glands with one to two accessory sacs.
Description Some genera of snails in this subfamily create and use love darts as part of their mating behavior. The dart sac contains one to two glands. They are also defined by missing a diverticulum.
In this subfamily, the number of haploid chromosomes present lies between 26 and 30.Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology. in Barker G. M. (ed.): The biology of terrestrial molluscs. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, . 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.
Distribution Species of the subfamily Bradybaeninae are found mainly in Asia, with only one species, Fruticicola fruticum, occurring in north-western Europe.
Taxonomy The name of both the subfamily and the genus Bradybaena are derived from the Greek words bradus (= slow) and baino (= walk), meaning "slow walker".
Formerly considered as a separate family, molecular phylogenetic studies from 2007 showed that bradybaenids were closely related with the Camaenidae, a family that they are now considered a subfamily of. In these studies both Bradybaenidae and Camaenidae are mutually polyphyletic, and together form a monophyletic group. This finding suggested that the distinction between the clades was based essentially on the absence (Camaenidae) or presence (Bradybaenidae) of a diverticulum, and was arbitrary. This anatomical structure was apparently lost (or was gained) in several groups in convergence and is therefore not suitable for the delimitation of natural groups.Wade C. M., Hudelot C., Davison A., Naggs F., Mordan P. B. (2007). "Molecular phylogeny of the helicoid land snails (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora: Helicoidea), with special emphasis on the Camaenidae". Journal of Molluscan Studies 73(4): 411-415. .
The following genera are recognized in the subfamily Bradybaeninae:
Tribe Aegistini Kuroda & Habe, 1949 Aegista Albers, 1850 Aegistohadra M. Wu, 2004 Coelorus Pilsbry, 1900 Dolicheulota Pilsbry, 1901 Guamampa Schileyko, 1997 Landouria Godwin-Austen, 1918 Lepidopisum Kuroda & Habe, 1958 Mandarina Pilsbry, 1895 Mastigeulota Pilsbry, 1895 Miyakoia Minato, 1980 Neoaegista Azuma, 1955 Neochloritis Minato, 1982 Nesiohelix Kuroda & Emura, 1943 Nipponochloritis Habe, 1955 Pancala Kuroda & Habe, 1949 Plecteulota Möllendorff, 1892 Plectotropis E. von Martens, 1860 Pseudaspasita Möllendorff, 1901 Satsuma A. Adams, 1868 Takasagohadra Kuroda, 1941 Torobaena F. Haas, 1935 Tricheulota Pilsbry, 1895 Trishoplita Jacobi, 1898 Yakuchloritis Habe, 1955
Tribe Euhadrini Habe, Okutani & Nishiwaki, 1994 Euhadra Pilsbry, 1890
Tribe Bradybaenini Pilsbry, 1934 Acusta E. von Martens, 1860 Ainohelix Kuroda & Taki, 1933 Apatetes Gude, 1914 Armandiella Ancey, 1901 Bradybaena H. Beck, 1837 Buliminidius Heude, 1890 Cathaica Moellendorff, 1884 Chosenelix Pilsbry, 1927 Coccoglypta Pilsbry, 1895 Ezohelix Kuroda & Emura, 1938 Fruticicola Held, 1838 Grabauia Yen, 1935 Karaftohelix Pilsbry, 1927 Kugitangia Schileyko, Pazilov & Abdulazizova, 2017 Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 Metodontia Möllendorff, 1886 Mikiria Godwin-Austen, 1918 Neofruticicola Schileyko, Pazilov & Abdulazizova, 2020 Neseulota Ehrmann, 1911 Paraegista Kuroda & Azuma, 1951 Phaeohelix Kuroda & Habe, 1949 Platypetasus Pilsbry, 1895 Pliocathaica Andreae, 1900 Ponsadenia Schileyko, 1978 Pseudiberus Ancey, 1887 Pseudobuliminus Gredler, 1886 Rudens Heude, 1890 Secusana Gredler, 1894 Semibuliminus Möllendorff, 1899 Stenogyropsis Möllendorff, 1899 Stilpnodiscus Möllendorff, 1899 Trichobradybaena M. Wu & J.-Y. Guo, 2003 Trichocathaica Gude, 1919
Genera not placed to tribe: Eueuhadra M. Wu, 2004 Jiaoliaous G. Zhang, 2024 Sinochloritis M. Wu & Z.-Y. Chen, 2019 Sinorachis M. Wu & Z.-Y. Chen, 2019 Traumatophora Ancey, 1887
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