This is a list of the mammal species recorded in São Tomé and Príncipe. These are the native terrestrial and naturally occurring marine mammal species in São Tomé and Príncipe, of which two are critically endangered, one is endangered, and two are near threatened.This list was originally derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available. In addition, six species of terrestrial mammal have been introduced to the islands, and eight domestic species have become feral or otherwise pose a threat to the native fauna.Domestic or feral species that pose a threat to native fauna are: pig, goat, horse, donkey, cattle, sheep, domestic cat and dog.

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature: EX Extinct No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. EW Extinct in the wild Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range. CR Critically endangered The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild. EN Endangered The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. VU Vulnerable The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. NT Near threatened The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future. LC Least concern There are no current identifiable risks to the species. DD Data deficient There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.

Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of near threatened and least concern categories: LR/cd Lower risk/conservation dependent Species which were the focus of conservation programmes and may have moved into a higher risk category if that programme was discontinued. LR/nt Lower risk/near threatened Species which are close to being classified as vulnerable but are not the subject of conservation programmes. LR/lc Lower risk/least concern Species for which there are no identifiable risks.

Order: Rodentia

Family: Muridae Subfamily: Murinae Genus: Mus House mouse, Mus musculus (introduced) Genus: Rattus Common rat, Rattus norvegicus (introduced) Ship rat, Rattus rattus (introduced)

Order: Primates

The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, tarsiers, monkeys, and apes.

Suborder: Haplorhini Infraorder: Simiiformes Parvorder: Catarrhini Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea Family: Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys) Genus: Cercopithecus Mona monkey, C. mona introduced

Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons) The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice, while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

Family: Soricidae (shrews) Subfamily: Crocidurinae Genus: Crocidura Fraser's musk shrew, Crocidura poensis São Tomé shrew, Crocidura thomensis

Order: Chiroptera (bats)

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Family: Pteropodidae (flying foxes, Old World fruit bats) Subfamily: Pteropodinae Genus: Eidolon Straw-coloured fruit bat, Eidolon helvum Genus: Myonycteris São Tomé collared fruit bat, Myonycteris brachycephala Genus: Rousettus Egyptian fruit bat, Rousettus aegyptiacus Family: Vespertilionidae Subfamily: Miniopterinae Genus: Miniopterus Least long-fingered bat, Miniopterus minor Family: Molossidae Genus: Chaerephon Little free-tailed bat, Chaerephon pumila São Tomé free-tailed bat, Chaerephon tomensis Family: Emballonuridae Genus: Taphozous Mauritian tomb bat, Taphozous mauritianus Family: Rhinolophidae Subfamily: Hipposiderinae Genus: Hipposideros Noack's roundleaf bat, Hipposideros ruber Saõ Tomé leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros thomensis

Order: Carnivora Family: Viverridae Subfamily: Viverrinae Genus: Civettictis African civet, Civettictis civetta (introduced) Family: Mustelidae Subfamily: Mustelinae Genus: Mustela Least weasel, Mustela nivalis (introduced)

Order: Cetacea (whales)

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

Suborder: Mysticeti Family: Balaenopteridae Subfamily: Balaenopterinae Genus: Balaenoptera Common minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata Antarctic minke whale, Balaenoptera bonaerensis Sei whale, Balaenoptera borealis Bryde's whale, Balaenoptera edeni Blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus Fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus Subfamily: Megapterinae Genus: Megaptera Humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae Suborder: Odontoceti Superfamily: Platanistoidea Family: Physeteridae Genus: Physeter Sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus Family: Kogiidae Genus: Kogia Pygmy sperm whale, Kogia breviceps Dwarf sperm whale, Kogia sima Family: Ziphidae Subfamily: Hyperoodontinae Genus: Mesoplodon Blainville's beaked whale, Mesoplodon densirostris Gervais' beaked whale, Mesoplodon europaeus Genus: Ziphius Cuvier's beaked whale, Ziphius cavirostris Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins) Genus: Steno Rough-toothed dolphin, Steno bredanensis Genus: Tursiops Common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus Genus: Delphinus Long-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus capensis Genus: Stenella Pantropical spotted dolphin, Stenella attenuata Striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba Atlantic spotted dolphin, Stenella frontalis Clymene dolphin, Stenella clymene Spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris Genus: Lagenodelphis Fraser's dolphin, Lagenodelphis hosei Genus: Sousa Atlantic humpback dolphin, Sousa teuszii Genus: Orcinus Orca, Orcinus orca Genus: Feresa Pygmy killer whale, Feresa attenuata Genus: Pseudorca False killer whale, Pseudorca crassidens Genus: Globicephala Short-finned pilot whale, Globicephala macrorhynchus Genus: Peponocephala Melon-headed whale, Peponocephala electra

See also List of chordate orders Lists of mammals by region List of prehistoric mammals Mammal classification List of mammals described in the 2000s

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References