There are 317 mammal species recorded in Ecuador, of which two are critically endangered, ten are endangered, twenty-three are vulnerable, and seven are near threatened. Two of the species listed for Ecuador are considered to be extinct.This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.
The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature: EX Extinct No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. EW Extinct in the wild Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range. CR Critically endangered The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild. EN Endangered The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. VU Vulnerable The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. NT Near threatened The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future. LC Least concern There are no current identifiable risks to the species. DD Data deficient There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.
Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of near threatened and least concern categories: LR/cd Lower risk/conservation dependent Species which were the focus of conservation programmes and may have moved into a higher risk category if that programme was discontinued. LR/nt Lower risk/near threatened Species which are close to being classified as vulnerable but are not the subject of conservation programmes. LR/lc Lower risk/least concern Species for which there are no identifiable risks.
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Eutheria
Order: Sirenia (manatees and dugongs)
Sirenia is an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit rivers, estuaries, coastal marine waters, swamps, and marine wetlands. All four species are endangered.
Family: Trichechidae Genus: Trichechus Amazonian manatee, T. inunguis
Order: Cingulata (armadillos)
The armadillos are small mammals with a bony armored shell. They are native to the Americas. There are around 20 extant species.
Family: Dasypodidae (armadillos) Subfamily: Dasypodinae Genus: Dasypus Greater long-nosed armadillo, Dasypus kappleri LC Nine-banded armadillo, Dasypus novemcinctus LC Subfamily: Tolypeutinae Genus: Cabassous Southern naked-tailed armadillo, Cabassous unicinctus LC Genus: Priodontes Giant armadillo, Priodontes maximus VU
Order: Pilosa (anteaters, sloths and tamanduas)
The order Pilosa is extant only in the Americas and includes the anteaters, sloths, and tamanduas.
Suborder: Folivora Family: Bradypodidae (three-toed sloths) Genus: Bradypus Brown-throated three-toed sloth, Bradypus variegatus LC Family: Choloepodidae (two-toed sloths) Genus: Choloepus Linnaeus's two-toed sloth, Choloepus didactylus LC Hoffmann's two-toed sloth, Choloepus hoffmanni LC Suborder: Vermilingua Family: Cyclopedidae Genus: Cyclopes Silky anteater, C. didactylus LC Central American silky anteater, C. dorsalis Family: Myrmecophagidae (American anteaters) Genus: Myrmecophaga Giant anteater, Myrmecophaga tridactyla NT Genus: Tamandua Northern tamandua, Tamandua mexicana LC Southern tamandua, Tamandua tetradactyla LC
Order: Primates
The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, monkeys, and apes.
Suborder: Haplorhini Infraorder: Simiiformes Parvorder: Platyrrhini (New World monkeys) Family: Cebidae Subfamily: Callitrichinae Genus: Callithrix Pygmy marmoset, Cebuella pygmaea LC Genus: Leontocebus Red-mantled saddle-back tamarin, Leontocebus lagonotus LC Black-mantled tamarin, Leontocebus nigricollis LC Golden-mantled tamarin, Leontocebus tripartitus LC Subfamily: Cebinae Genus: Cebus Ecuadorian capuchin, Cebus aequatorialis CR Colombian white-faced capuchin, Cebus capucinus LC Marañón white-fronted capuchin, Cebus yuracus Genus: Sapajus Large-headed capuchin, Sapajus macrocephalus LC Genus: Saimiri Humboldt's squirrel monkey, Saimiri cassiquiarensis Family: Aotidae Genus: Aotus Gray-bellied night monkey, Aotus lemurinus VU Spix's night monkey, Aotus vociferans LC Family: Pitheciidae Subfamily: Callicebinae Genus: Callicebus White-tailed titi, Callicebus discolor LC Lucifer titi, Callicebus lucifer LC Subfamily: Pitheciinae Genus: Pithecia Equatorial saki, Pithecia aequatorialis LR/lc Monk saki, Pithecia monachus LC Family: Atelidae Subfamily: Alouattinae Genus: Alouatta Mantled howler, Alouatta palliata LC Venezuelan red howler, Alouatta seniculus LC Subfamily: Atelinae Genus: Ateles White-fronted spider monkey, Ateles belzebuth VU Black-headed spider monkey, Ateles fusciceps CR Genus: Lagothrix Brown woolly monkey, Lagothrix lagothricha LR/lc Silvery woolly monkey, Lagothrix poeppigii NT
Order: Rodentia (rodents)
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to .
Suborder: Hystricognathi Family: Erethizontidae (New World porcupines) Subfamily: Erethizontinae Genus: Coendou Bicolor-spined porcupine, Coendou bicolor LR/lc Family: Dinomyidae (pacarana) Genus: Dinomys Pacarana, Dinomys branickii EN Family: Caviidae (guinea pigs) Subfamily: Caviinae Genus: Cavia Brazilian guinea pig, Cavia aperea LR/lc Guinea pig, Cavia porcellus LR/lc Subfamily: Hydrochoerinae (capybaras and rock cavies) Genus: Hydrochoerus Capybara, Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris LR/lc Family: Dasyproctidae (agoutis and pacas) Genus: Dasyprocta Black agouti, Dasyprocta fuliginosa LR/lc Central American agouti, Dasyprocta punctata LR/lc Genus: Myoprocta Red acouchi, Myoprocta acouchy LR/lc Red acouchi, Myoprocta exilis DD Family: Cuniculidae Genus: Cuniculus Lowland paca, Cuniculus paca LC Mountain paca, Cuniculus taczanowskii LR/nt Family: Echimyidae Subfamily: Dactylomyinae Genus: Dactylomys Amazon bamboo rat, Dactylomys dactylinus LR/lc Subfamily: Echimyinae Genus: Diplomys Colombian soft-furred spiny rat, Diplomys caniceps LR/nt Genus: Echimys Dark spiny tree-rat, Echimys saturnus LR/lc Genus: Makalata Brazilian spiny tree-rat, Makalata didelphoides LR/lc Bare-tailed armored tree-rat, Makalata occasius CR Subfamily: Eumysopinae Genus: Hoplomys Armored rat, Hoplomys gymnurus LR/lc Genus: Mesomys Ferreira's spiny tree rat, Mesomys hispidus LR/lc Genus: Proechimys Pacific spiny rat, Proechimys decumanus LR/lc Short-tailed spiny rat, Proechimys brevicauda LR/lc Napo spiny rat, Proechimys quadruplicatus LR/lc Tome's spiny-rat, Proechimys semispinosus LR/lc Simon's spiny rat, Proechimys simonsi LR/lc Suborder: Sciurognathi Family: Sciuridae (squirrels) Subfamily: Sciurinae Tribe: Sciurini Genus: Microsciurus Amazon dwarf squirrel, Microsciurus flaviventer LR/lc Western dwarf squirrel, Microsciurus mimulus LR/lc Genus: Sciurus Red-tailed squirrel, Sciurus granatensis LR/lc Northern Amazon red squirrel, Sciurus igniventris LR/lc Southern Amazon red squirrel, Sciurus spadiceus LR/lc Guayaquil squirrel, Sciurus stramineus LR/lc Family: Heteromyidae Subfamily: Heteromyinae Genus: Heteromys Southern spiny pocket mouse, Heteromys australis LR/lc Family: Cricetidae Subfamily: Tylomyinae Genus: Tylomys Mira climbing rat, Tylomys mirae LR/lc Subfamily: Neotominae Genus: Reithrodontomys Mexican harvest mouse, Reithrodontomys mexicanus LR/lc Subfamily: Sigmodontinae Genus: Aegialomys Galápagos rice rat, Aegialomys galapagoensis VU Yellowish rice rat, Aegialomys xantheolus LR/lc Genus: Aepeomys Olive montane mouse, Aepeomys lugens LR/lc Genus: Akodon Highland grass mouse, Akodon aerosus LR/lc Ecuadorian grass mouse, Akodon latebricola LR/lc Soft grass mouse, Akodon mollis LR/lc Genus: Anotomys Aquatic rat, Anotomys leander EN Genus: Chilomys Colombian forest mouse, Chilomys instans LR/lc Genus: Euryoryzomys MacConnell's rice rat, Euryoryzomys macconnelli LR/lc Genus: Handleyomys Alfaro's rice rat, Handleyomys alfaroi LR/lc Genus: Holochilus Amazonian marsh rat, Holochilus sciureus LR/lc Genus: Hylaeamys Western Amazonian oryzomys, Hylaeamys perenensis LC Tate's oryzomys, Hylaeamys tatei DD Amazonian oryzomys, Hylaeamys yunganus LC Genus: Ichthyomys Crab-eating rat, Ichthyomys hydrobates LR/nt Stolzmann's crab-eating rat, Ichthyomys stolzmanni LR/lc Tweedy's crab-eating rat, Ichthyomys tweedii LR/lc Genus: Melanomys Dusky rice rat, Melanomys caliginosus LR/lc Robust dark rice rat, Melanomys robustulus LR/lc Genus: Microryzomys Highland small rice rat, Microryzomys altissimus LR/lc Forest small rice rat, Microryzomys minutus LR/lc Genus: Mindomys Hammond's rice rat, Mindomys hammondi LR/lc Genus: Neacomys Common neacomys, Neacomys spinosus LR/lc Narrow-footed bristly mouse, Neacomys tenuipes LR/lc Genus: Necromys Spotted bolo mouse, Necromys punctulatus LR/lc Genus: Nectomys Western Amazonian nectomys, Nectomys apicalis Genus: Nephelomys Tomes's rice rat, Nephelomys albigularis LR/lc Golden-bellied oryzomys, Nephelomys auriventer LR/lc Genus: Nesoryzomys Darwin's rice rat, Nesoryzomys darwini EX Fernandina rice rat, Nesoryzomys fernandinae VU Indefatigable Galapagos mouse, Nesoryzomys indefessus EX Fernandina Island Galapagos mouse, Nesoryzomys narboroughi NT Santiago Galapagos mouse, Nesoryzomys swarthi VU Genus: Neusticomys Montane fish-eating rat, Neusticomys monticolus LR/lc Genus: Oecomys Bicolored arboreal rice rat, Oecomys bicolor LR/lc Foothill arboreal rice rat, Oecomys superans LR/lc Genus: Oligoryzomys Destructive pygmy rice rat, Oligoryzomys destructor DD Fulvous pygmy rice rat, Oligoryzomys fulvescens LR/lc Genus: Oreoryzomys Peruvian rice rat, Oreoryzomys balneator LR/lc Genus: Phyllotis Andean leaf-eared mouse, Phyllotis andium LR/lc Haggard's leaf-eared mouse, Phyllotis haggardi LR/lc Genus: Rhipidomys Coues's climbing mouse, Rhipidomys couesi LR/lc Broad-footed climbing mouse, Rhipidomys latimanus LR/lc White-footed climbing mouse, Rhipidomys leucodactylus LR/lc Atlantic Forest climbing mouse, Rhipidomys mastacalis LR/lc Genus: Scolomys South American spiny mouse, Scolomys melanops EN Genus: Sigmodon Unexpected cotton rat, Sigmodon inopinatus LR/lc Peruvian cotton rat, Sigmodon peruanus LR/lc Genus: Sigmodontomys Alfaro's rice water rat, Sigmodontomys alfari LR/lc Long-tailed sigmodontomys, Sigmodontomys aphrastus DD Genus: Transandinomys Bolivar rice rat, Transandinomys bolivaris LR/lc Talamancan rice rat, Transandinomys talamancae LR/lc Genus: Thomasomys Golden Oldfield mouse, Thomasomys aureus LR/lc Beady-eyed mouse, Thomasomys baeops LR/lc Ashy-bellied Oldfield mouse, Thomasomys cinereiventer LR/lc Ash-colored Oldfield mouse, Thomasomys cinereus LR/lc Slender Oldfield mouse, Thomasomys gracilis LR/lc Paramo Oldfield mouse, Thomasomys paramorum LR/lc Thomas's Oldfield mouse, Thomasomys pyrrhonotus LR/lc Rhoads's Oldfield mouse, Thomasomys rhoadsi LR/lc Forest Oldfield mouse, Thomasomys silvestris LR/lc
Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)