Caviglia is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Enrico Caviglia (1862–1945), Italian General Enrique Caviglia (born 1956), Argentine retired tennis player Giovanni Battista Caviglia (1770–1845), Italian navigator and Egyptologist Juan Caviglia (born 1997), Argentine footballer Juan Nicolás Caviglia (1929–2022), Argentine gymnast María Caviglia (1895–1985), Argentine politician Orestes Caviglia (1893–1971), Argentine actor and film director