This list shows the IUCN Red List status of mammal species recorded in Germany. One of them is critically endangered, three are endangered, and several are near threatened. One of the species listed for Germany can no longer be found in the wild.
Order: Rodentia (rodents)
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara of South America can weigh up to . Suborder: Sciurognathi Family: Castoridae (beavers) Genus: Castor American beaver, C. canadensis introduced Eurasian beaver, C. fiber Family: Sciuridae (squirrels) Subfamily: Sciurinae Tribe: Sciurini Genus: Sciurus Red squirrel, S. vulgaris Subfamily: Xerinae Tribe: Marmotini Genus: Marmota Alpine marmot, M. marmota Family: Gliridae (dormice) Subfamily: Leithiinae Genus: Dryomys Forest dormouse, Dryomys nitedula Genus: Eliomys Garden dormouse, E. quercinus Genus: Muscardinus Hazel dormouse, M. avellanarius Subfamily: Glirinae Genus: Glis European edible dormouse, Glis glis Family: Cricetidae Subfamily: Cricetinae Genus: Cricetus European hamster, C. cricetus Subfamily: Arvicolinae Genus: Arvicola European water vole, A. amphibius Genus: Clethrionomys Bank vole, Clethrionomys glareolus Grey red-backed vole, Clethrionomys rufocanus Genus: Microtus Field vole, Microtus agrestis Common vole, Microtus arvalis Bavarian pine vole, Microtus bavaricus Tundra vole, Microtus oeconomus European pine vole, Microtus subterraneus Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters) Subfamily: Murinae Genus: Mus House mouse, M. musculus Genus: Apodemus Striped field mouse, Apodemus agrarius Yellow-necked mouse, Apodemus flavicollis Wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus Genus: Micromys Eurasian harvest mouse, Micromys minutus Genus: Rattus Brown rat, R. norvegicus Black rat, R. rattus
Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)
The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early twentieth century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two. Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares) Genus: Lepus European hare, L. europaeus Mountain hare, L. timidus Genus: Oryctolagus European rabbit, O. cuniculus introduced
Order: Eulipotyphla (hedgehogs, shrews and moles)
Hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines, shrews closely resemble mice, and moles are stout-bodied burrowers.
Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs) Subfamily: Erinaceinae Genus: Erinaceus West European hedgehog, E. europaeus Family: Soricidae (shrews) Subfamily: Crocidurinae Genus: Crocidura Bicolored shrew, C. leucodon Greater white-toothed shrew, C. russula Lesser white-toothed shrew, C. suaveolens Subfamily: Soricinae Tribe: Nectogalini Genus: Neomys Southern water shrew, N. anomalus Eurasian water shrew, N. fodiens Tribe: Soricini Genus: Sorex Alpine shrew, S. alpinus Common shrew, S. araneus Crowned shrew, S. coronatus Eurasian pygmy shrew, S. minutus Family: Talpidae (moles) Subfamily: Talpinae Tribe: Talpini Genus: Talpa European mole, T. europaea
Order: Chiroptera (bats)
The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals. Family: Vespertilionidae Subfamily: Myotinae Genus: Myotis Bechstein's bat, M. bechsteini Lesser mouse-eared bat, M. blythii Brandt's bat, M. brandti Pond bat, M. dasycneme Daubenton's bat, M. daubentonii Geoffroy's bat, M. emarginatus Greater mouse-eared bat, M. myotis Whiskered bat, M. mystacinus Natterer's bat, M. nattereri Subfamily: Vespertilioninae Genus: Barbastella Western barbastelle, B. barbastellus Genus: Eptesicus Northern bat, E. nilssoni Serotine bat, E. serotinus Genus: Hypsugo Savi's pipistrelle, H. savii Genus: Nyctalus Greater noctule bat, N. lasiopterus Lesser noctule, N. leisleri Common noctule, N. noctula Genus: Pipistrellus Nathusius' pipistrelle, P. nathusii Common pipistrelle, P. pipistrellus Genus: Plecotus Brown long-eared bat, P. auritus Grey long-eared bat, P. austriacus Genus: Vespertilio Parti-coloured bat, V. murinus Family: Molossidae Genus: Tadarida European free-tailed bat, T. teniotis Family: Rhinolophidae Subfamily: Rhinolophinae Genus: Rhinolophus Greater horseshoe bat, R. ferrumequinum Lesser horseshoe bat, R. hipposideros
Order: Cetacea (whales)
The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.
Suborder: Mysticeti Family: Balaenidae (right whales) Genus: Eubalaena North Atlantic right whale, Eubalaena glacialis Family: Eschrichtiidae (gray whales) Family: Balaenopteridae (rorqual) Subfamily: Balaenopterinae Genus: Balaenoptera Common minke whale, B. acutorostrata Sei whale, Balaenoptera borealis Fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus Blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus Family: Megapterinae Genus: Megaptera Humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae Suborder: Odontoceti Superfamily: Platanistoidea Family: Monodontidae (narwhals) Genus: Monodon Narwhal, Monodon monoceros Genus: Delphinapterus Beluga whale, Delphinapterus leucas Family: Phocoenidae (porpoises) Genus: Phocoena Harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoena Family: Physeteridae (sperm whales) Genus: Physeter Sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus Family: Kogiidae Genus: Kogia Pygmy sperm whale, K. breviceps Family: Ziphidae (beaked whales) Genus: Ziphius Cuvier's beaked whale, Ziphius cavirostris Subfamily: Hyperoodontinae Genus: Hyperoodon Northern bottlenose whale, Hyperoodon ampullatus Genus: Mesoplodon Sowerby's beaked whale, Mesoplodon bidens Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins) Genus: Lagenorhynchus White-beaked dolphin, Lagenorhynchus albirostris Atlantic white-sided dolphin, Lagenorhynchus acutus Genus: Delphis Short-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus delphis Genus: Tursiops Common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus Genus: Stenella Striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba Genus: Grampus Risso's dolphin, Grampus griseus Genus: Globicephala Long-finned pilot whale, Globicephala melas Genus: Pseudorca False killer whale, Pseudorca crassidens Genus: Orcinus Orca, O. orca
Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)
There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition. Suborder: Feliformia Family: Felidae Subfamily: Felinae Genus: Felis European wildcat, F. silvestris Genus: Lynx Eurasian lynx, L. lynx reintroduced Family: Viverridae Subfamily: Viverrinae Genus: Genetta Common genet, G. genetta introduced, presence uncertain Suborder: Caniformia Family: Canidae Genus: Canis Golden jackal, C. aureus European jackal, C. a. moreoticus Gray wolf, C. lupus Eurasian wolf, C. l. lupus Genus: Nyctereutes Raccoon dog, N. procyonoides introduced Genus: Vulpes Red fox, V. vulpes Family: Procyonidae Genus: Procyon Raccoon, P. lotor introduced Family: Mustelidae Genus: Lutra European otter, L. lutra Genus: Martes Beech marten, M. foina European pine marten, M. martes Genus: Meles European badger, M. meles Genus: Mustela Stoat, M. erminea Least weasel, M. nivalis European polecat, M. putorius Genus: Neogale American mink, N. vison introduced Family: Phocidae Genus: Halichoerus Grey seal, H. grypus Genus: Phoca Harbor seal, P. vitulina Genus: Pusa Ringed seal, P. hispida
Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans. Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats) Subfamily: Bovinae Genus: Bison European bison, B. bonasus reintroduced Subfamily: Caprinae Genus: Capra Alpine ibex, C. ibex reintroduced Genus: Rupicapra Chamois, R. rupicapra Family: Cervidae (deer) Subfamily: Cervinae Genus: Cervus Red deer, C. elaphus Genus: Dama European fallow deer, D. dama introduced Subfamily: Capreolinae Genus: Alces Moose, A. alces Genus: Capreolus Roe deer, C. capreolus Family: Suidae (pigs) Subfamily: Suinae Genus: Sus Wild boar, S. scrofa
Locally extinct The following species are locally extinct in the country: Bavarian pine vole, Microtus bavaricus Common bent-wing bat, Miniopterus schreibersii European mink, Mustela lutreola European ground squirrel, Spermophilus citellus Brown bear, Ursus arctos
See also List of chordate orders Lists of mammals by region Mammal classification
References
External links