This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Haiti. Of the mammal species in Haiti, one is critically endangered, one is endangered, two are vulnerable, and sixteen are considered to be extinct.This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct the early Holocene. The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.
The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature: Extinct No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. Extinct in the wild Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range. Critically endangered The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild. Endangered The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. Vulnerable The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. Near threatened The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future. Least concern There are no current identifiable risks to the species. Data deficient There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.
Order: Sirenia (manatees and dugongs)
Sirenia is an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit rivers, estuaries, coastal marine waters, swamps, and marine wetlands. All four species are endangered.
Family: Trichechidae Genus: Trichechus West Indian manatee, T. manatus presence uncertain
Order: Rodentia (rodents) Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to .
Suborder: Hystricognathi Family: Capromyidae Tribe: Plagiodontini Genus: Plagiodontia Hispaniolan hutia, Plagiodontia aedium
Order: Eulipotyphla (shrews, hedgehogs, moles, and solenodons)
Eulipotyphlans are insectivorous mammals. Shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice, hedgehogs carry spines, while moles are stout-bodied burrowers.
Family: Solenodontidae Genus: Solenodon Hispaniolan solenodon, S. paradoxus
Order: Chiroptera (bats) The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.
Family: Noctilionidae Genus: Noctilio Greater bulldog bat, Noctilio leporinus Family: Vespertilionidae Subfamily: Vespertilioninae Genus: Lasiurus Minor red bat, Lasiurus minor Family: Molossidae Genus: Molossus Velvety free-tailed bat, Molossus molossus Genus: Nyctinomops Big free-tailed bat, Nyctinomops macrotis Genus: Tadarida Mexican free-tailed bat, Tadarida brasiliensis Family: Mormoopidae Genus: Mormoops Antillean ghost-faced bat, Mormoops blainvillii Genus: Pteronotus Parnell's mustached bat, Pteronotus parnellii Sooty mustached bat, Pteronotus quadridens Family: Phyllostomidae Subfamily: Phyllostominae Genus: Macrotus Waterhouse's leaf-nosed bat, Macrotus waterhousii Subfamily: Brachyphyllinae Genus: Brachyphylla Cuban fruit-eating bat, Brachyphylla nana Subfamily: Phyllonycterinae Genus: Phyllonycteris Cuban flower bat, Phyllonycteris poeyi Subfamily: Glossophaginae Genus: Monophyllus Leach's single leaf bat, Monophyllus redmani Subfamily: Stenodermatinae Genus: Artibeus Jamaican fruit bat, Artibeus jamaicensis Genus: Phyllops Cuban fig-eating bat, Phyllops falcatus Family: Natalidae Genus: Chilonatalus Cuban funnel-eared bat, Chilonatalus micropus
Order: Cetacea (whales)
The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.
Suborder: Mysticeti Family: Balaenopteridae (baleen whales) Genus: Balaenoptera Common minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata Sei whale, Balaenoptera borealis Bryde's whale, Balaenoptera brydei Blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus Genus: Megaptera Humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae Suborder: Odontoceti Superfamily: Platanistoidea Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins) Genus: Delphinus Short-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus delphis Genus: Feresa Pygmy killer whale, Feresa attenuata Genus: Globicephala Short-finned pilot whale, Globicephala macrorhyncus Genus: Lagenodelphis Fraser's dolphin, Lagenodelphis hosei Genus: Grampus Risso's dolphin, Grampus griseus Genus: Orcinus Killer whale, Orcinus orca Genus: Peponocephala Melon-headed whale, Peponocephala electra Genus: Pseudorca False killer whale, Pseudorca crassidens Genus: Stenella Pantropical spotted dolphin, Stenella attenuata Clymene dolphin, Stenella clymene Striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba Atlantic spotted dolphin, Stenella frontalis Spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris Genus: Steno Rough-toothed dolphin, Steno bredanensis Genus: Tursiops Common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus Family: Physeteridae (sperm whales) Genus: Physeter Sperm whale, Physeter macrocaphalus Family: Kogiidae (dwarf sperm whales) Genus: Kogia Pygmy sperm whale, Kogia breviceps Dwarf sperm whale, Kogia sima Superfamily Ziphioidea Family: Ziphidae (beaked whales) Genus: Mesoplodon Gervais' beaked whale, Mesoplodon europaeus Blainville's beaked whale, Mesplodon densirostris Genus: Ziphius Cuvier's beaked whale, Ziphius cavirostris
Order: Carnivora (carnivorans) There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition. Family: Canidae Genus: Canis Feral dog, C. familiaris introduced Family: Procyonidae Genus: Procyon Common raccoon, P. lotor Possibly native but extirpatated from the island possibly since 1513 Family: Felidae Genus: Felis Feral cat, F. catus introduced Family: Phocidae Genus: Neomonachus Caribbean monk seal, N. tropicalis Genus Cystophora Hooded seal, C. cristata occasional visitor Family: Herpestidae Genus: Urva Small Indian mongoose, U. auropunctata
Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates) The even-toed ungulates are ungulates – hoofed animals – which bear weight equally on two (an even number) of their five toes: the third and fourth. The other three toes are either present, absent, vestigial, or pointing posteriorly.
Family Suidae (pigs) Genus: Sus Wild boar, S. scrofa introduced Family Bovidae (Bovines) Genus: Capra Feral goat, C. hircus introduced
Pre-Columbian extinct The following species went extinct before and a few years after European arrival: Wide-toothed hutia, Hyperplagiodontia araeum 500 AC Samaná hutia, Plagiodontia ipnaeum 1600s Small Haitian hutia, Plagiodontia spelaeum 1500s Lemke's hutia, Rhizoplagiodontia lemkei 1500s Montane hutia, Isolobodon montanus 1600s Puerto Rican hutia, Isolobodon portoricensis 1600s Imposter hutia, Hexolobodon phenax 1500s Twisted-toothed mouse, Quemisia gravis 1500s Atalaye nesophontes, Nesophontes hypomicrus 1600s Western Cuban nesophontes, Nesophontes micrus 1650 St. Michel nesophontes, Nesophontes paramicrus 1500s Haitian nesophontes, Nesophontes zamicrus 1500s Marcano's solenodon, Solenodon marcanoi 1500s Haitian Macaya sloth, Acratocnus ye Borroto-Páez, R., Mancina, C. A., Woods, C. A., & Kilpatrick, C. W. (2012) Updated checklist of endemic terrestrial mammals of the West Indies. In: Borroto-Páez, R., Woods, C.A., Sergile, F.E. (eds) Terrestrial mammals of the West Indies: Contributions. Wacahoota Press/ University of Vermont, Burlington. 1500 BC Lesser Haitian ground sloth, Neocnus comes 2000 BC Haitian pine forest sloth, Neocnus dousman 5000 BC Haitian rak bwa sloth, Neocnus toupiti 1000 BC Greater Haitian ground sloth, Parocnus serus 2000 BC Hispaniolan monkey, Antillothrix bernensis 1600s La hotte monkey, Insulacebus toussaintiana 1500s
See also List of chordate orders Lists of mammals by region List of prehistoric mammals Mammal classification List of mammals described in the 2000s
Notes
References