There are fifty-six mammal species in Latvia, of which one is endangered, four are vulnerable, and three are near threatened. This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD).

Order: Rodentia (rodents)

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to . Three species of rodents (voles) have been discovered only in recent three decades: European pine vole,Baltrūnaitė, L. 2010. Microtus subterraneus de Sélys-Longchamps, 1836: A new mammal species for the Latvian fauna. Acta Zoologica Lituanica, 20 (1): 37–38. East European vole,Zagorodnjuk, I., M. Masing, V. Peskov. 1991. Põld-uruhiire teisikliigid Eestis [Sibling species of Common Vole in Estonia]. Eesti Loodus, No. 11: 674–678. and tundra vole.Balčiauskas, L. 2014. New mammal species for Latvia, the root vole (Microtus oeconomus). Zoology and Ecology, 24 (3): 187–191.

Suborder: Sciurognathi Family: Castoridae (beavers) Genus: Castor Eurasian beaver, C. fiber Family: Sciuridae (squirrels) Subfamily: Sciurinae Tribe: Pteromyini Genus: Pteromys Siberian flying squirrel, P. volans Family: Gliridae (dormice) Subfamily: Leithiinae Genus: Dryomys Forest dormouse, Dryomys nitedula Genus: Eliomys Garden dormouse, Eliomys quercinus Genus: Muscardinus Hazel dormouse, Muscardinus avellanarius Subfamily: Glirinae Genus: Glis European edible dormouse, Glis glis Family: Dipodidae (jerboas) Subfamily: Sicistinae Genus: Sicista Northern birch mouse, Sicista betulina Family: Cricetidae Subfamily: Arvicolinae Genus: Arvicola Water vole, Arvicola terrestris Genus: Clethrionomys Bank vole, Clethrionomys glareolus Genus: Microtus European pine vole, Microtus subterraneus Field vole, Microtus agrestis Common vole, Microtus arvalis East European vole, Microtus mystacinus Tundra vole, Microtus oeconomus Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters, etc.) Subfamily: Murinae Genus: Apodemus Striped field mouse, Apodemus agrarius Yellow-necked mouse, Apodemus flavicollis Wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus Ural field mouse, Apodemus uralensis Genus: Micromys Harvest mouse, Micromys minutus

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early twentieth century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two. Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares) Genus: Lepus European hare, L. europaeus Mountain hare, L. timidus

Order: Eulipotyphla (hedgehogs, shrews and moles)

Hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines, shrews closely resemble mice, and moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs) Subfamily: Erinaceinae Genus: Erinaceus Southern white-breasted hedgehog, E. concolor West European hedgehog, E. europaeus Family: Soricidae (shrews) Subfamily: Soricinae Tribe: Nectogalini Genus: Neomys Eurasian water shrew, Neomys fodiens Tribe: Soricini Genus: Sorex Common shrew, Sorex araneus Laxmann's shrew, Sorex caecutiens Eurasian pygmy shrew, Sorex minutus Family: Talpidae (moles) Subfamily: Talpinae Tribe: Talpini Genus: Talpa European mole, Talpa europaea

Order: Chiroptera (bats)

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals. Family: Vespertilionidae Subfamily: Myotinae Genus: Myotis Brandt's bat, Myotis brandti Pond bat, Myotis dasycneme Daubenton's bat, Myotis daubentonii Whiskered bat, Myotis mystacinus Natterer's bat, Myotis nattereri Subfamily: Vespertilioninae Genus: Barbastella Western barbastelle, B. barbastellus Genus: Eptesicus Northern bat, Eptesicus nilssoni Genus: Nyctalus Lesser noctule, Nyctalus leisleri Common noctule, Nyctalus noctula Genus: Pipistrellus Nathusius' pipistrelle, Pipistrellus nathusii Common pipistrelle, Pipistrellus pipistrellus Genus: Plecotus Brown long-eared bat, P. auritus Genus: Vespertilio Parti-coloured bat, Vespertilio murinus

Order: Cetacea (whales)

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

Suborder: Mysticeti Family: Balaenidae (right whales) Genus: Balaena North Atlantic right whale, Eubalaena glacialis or functionally extinct in the eastern AtlanticRegional Species Extinctions - Examples of regional species extinctions over the last 1000 years and more. Family: Balaenopteridae Subfamily: Balaenopterinae Genus: Balaenoptera Fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus Wieder Finnwal in der Ostsee Finnwal in der Ostsee gesichtetAngler filmt Wal in Ostsee-Bucht Common minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata Minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) - MarLIN, The Marine Life Information Network Subfamily: Megapterinae Genus: Megaptera Humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae Wieder Finnwal in der Ostsee Finnwal in der Ostsee gesichtetAngler filmt Wal in Ostsee-Bucht Suborder: Odontoceti Family: Phocoenidae Genus: Phocoena Harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoena Family: Monodontidae Genus: Delphinapterus Beluga, Delphinapterus leucas About the beluga - Russian Geographical Society Family: Ziphidae Genus: Mesoplodon Sowerby's beaked whale, Mesoplodon bidens Rare Sowerby's beaked whale spotted in the Baltic Sea - WDC Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins) Genus: Lagenorhynchus White-beaked dolphin, Lagenorhynchus albirostris Genus: Tursiops Common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus Baltic dolphin sightings confirmed – National Genus: Orcinus Orca, Orcinus orca

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition. Suborder: Feliformia Family: Felidae (cats) Subfamily: Felinae Genus: Lynx Eurasian lynx, L. lynx Suborder: Caniformia Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes) Genus: Canis Grey wolf, Canis lupus Golden jackal, Canis aureus Genus: Vulpes Red fox, Vulpes vulpes Family: Ursidae (bears) Genus: Ursus Brown bear, U. arctos Family: Mustelidae (mustelids) Genus: Lutra European otter, L. lutra Genus: Martes European pine marten, M. martes Genus: Meles European badger, M. meles Genus: Mustela Stoat, M. erminea European mink, M. lutreola CR extirpated Least weasel, M. nivalis European polecat, M. putorius Genus: Neogale American mink, N. vison introduced Family: Phocidae (earless seals) Genus: Halichoerus Grey seal, Halichoerus grypus Genus: Pusa Ringed seal, Pusa hispida

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans. Family: Bovidae Subfamily: Bovinae Genus: Bison European bison, B. bonasus reintroduced Family: Cervidae (deer) Subfamily: Cervinae Genus: Cervus Red deer, C. elaphus Genus: Dama European fallow deer, D. dama introduced Subfamily: Capreolinae Genus: Alces Moose, A. alces Genus: Capreolus Roe deer, C. capreolus Family: Suidae (pigs) Subfamily: Suinae Genus: Sus Wild boar, S. scrofa

See also List of chordate orders Lists of mammals by region List of prehistoric mammals Mammal classification List of mammals described in the 2000s

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References