There are 121 mammal species naturally occurring in Mongolia, of which two are critically endangered, four are endangered, nine are vulnerable, and six are near threatened.This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.
The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature: EX Extinct No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. EW Extinct in the wild Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range. CR Critically endangered The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild. EN Endangered The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. VU Vulnerable The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. NT Near threatened The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future. LC Least concern There are no current identifiable risks to the species. DD Data deficient There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.
Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of near threatened and least concern categories: LR/cd Lower risk/conservation dependent Species which were the focus of conservation programmes and may have moved into a higher risk category if that programme was discontinued. LR/nt Lower risk/near threatened Species which are close to being classified as vulnerable but are not the subject of conservation programmes. LR/lc Lower risk/least concern Species for which there are no identifiable risks.
Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates) The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans. Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats) Subfamily: Antilopinae Genus: Gazella Goitered gazelle, G. subgutturosa Genus: Procapra Mongolian gazelle, P. gutturosa Genus: Saiga Saiga antelope, S. tatarica Subfamily: Caprinae Genus: Capra Siberian ibex, C. sibrica Genus: Ovis Argali, O. ammon Family: Camelidae (camels, llamas) Genus: Camelus Wild Bactrian camel, C. ferus Family: Moschidae Genus: Moschus Siberian musk deer, M. moschiferus Family: Cervidae (deer) Subfamily: Cervinae Genus: Cervus Wapiti, C. canadensis Manchurian wapiti, C. c. xanthopygus Subfamily: Capreolinae Genus: Alces Moose, A. alces Genus: Capreolus Siberian roe deer, C. pygargus Genus: Rangifer Reindeer, R. tarandus Family: Suidae Genus: Sus Wild boar, S. scrofa
Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)
There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition. Suborder: Feliformia Family: Felidae (cats) Subfamily: Felinae Genus: Felis African wildcat, F. lybica Asiatic wildcat, F. l. ornata Genus: Lynx Eurasian lynx, L. lynx Turkestan lynx, L. l. isabellinus Genus: Otocolobus Pallas's cat, O. manul Subfamily: Pantherinae Genus: Panthera Snow leopard, P. uncia Suborder: Caniformia Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes) Genus: Canis Gray wolf, C. lupus Mongolian wolf, C. l. chanco Genus: Nyctereutes Raccoon dog, N. procyonoides Genus: Vulpes Corsac fox, V. corsac Red fox, V. vulpes Family: Ursidae (bears) Genus: Ursus Brown bear, U. arctos Gobi bear, U. a. gobiensis Family: Mustelidae (mustelids) Genus: Arctonyx Northern hog badger, A. albogularis Genus: Gulo Wolverine, G. gulo Genus: Lutra Eurasian otter, L. lutra Genus: Martes Beech marten, M. foina Sable, M. zibellina Genus: Meles Asian badger, M. leucurus Genus: Mustela Mountain weasel, M. altaica Stoat, M. erminea Steppe polecat, M. eversmannii Least weasel, M. nivalis Siberian weasel, M. sibirica Genus: Vormela Marbled polecat, V. peregusna
Order: Chiroptera (bats)
The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals. Family: Vespertilionidae Subfamily: Myotinae Genus: Myotis Lesser mouse-eared bat, M. blythii Brandt's bat, M. brandti Daubenton's bat, M. daubentonii Ikonnikov's bat, M. ikonnikovi Whiskered bat, M. mystacinus Natterer's bat, M. nattereri Subfamily: Vespertilioninae Genus: Eptesicus Botta's serotine, Eptesicus bottae LC Gobi big brown bat, Eptesicus gobiensis Northern bat, Eptesicus nilssoni Serotine bat, Eptesicus serotinus Genus: Hypsugo Savi's pipistrelle, H. savii Genus: Plecotus Brown long-eared bat, Plecotus auritus Grey long-eared bat, Plecotus austriacus Genus: Vespertilio Parti-coloured bat, Vespertilio murinus Subfamily: Murininae Genus: Murina Greater tube-nosed bat, Murina leucogaster
Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)
The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines, while gymnures (who are not found in Mongolia) look more like large rats. Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs) Subfamily: Erinaceinae Genus: Hemiechinus Long-eared hedgehog, H. auritus Genus: Mesechinus Daurian hedgehog, M. dauuricus
Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)
The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early twentieth century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two. Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares) Genus: Lepus Desert hare, L. tibetanus Mountain hare, L. timidus Tolai hare, L. tolai Family: Ochotonidae (pikas) Genus: Ochotona Alpine pika, Ochotona alpina Daurian pika, Ochotona dauurica Hoffmann's pika, Ochotona hoffmanni VU Northern pika, Ochotona hyperborea Pallas's pika, Ochotona pallasi
Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates) The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe.
Family: Equidae (horses etc.) Genus: Equus Wild horse, E. ferus reintroduced Przewalski's horse, E. f. przewalskii reintroduced Onager, E. hemionus Mongolian wild ass, E. h. hemionus
Order: Rodentia (rodents)
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to . Suborder: Sciurognathi Family: Castoridae (beavers) Genus: Castor Eurasian beaver, C. fiber Family: Sciuridae (squirrels) Subfamily: Sciurinae Tribe: Sciurini Genus: Sciurus Red squirrel, S. vulgaris Tribe: Pteromyini Genus: Pteromys Siberian flying squirrel, Pteromys volans Subfamily: Xerinae Tribe: Marmotini Genus: Marmota Gray marmot, Marmota baibacina Tarbagan marmot, Marmota sibirica Genus: Spermophilus Alashan ground squirrel, Spermophilus alashanicus Daurian ground squirrel, Spermophilus dauricus Red-cheeked ground squirrel, Spermophilus erythrogenys Long-tailed ground squirrel, Spermophilus undulatus Genus: Eutamias Siberian chipmunk, Eutamias sibiricus Family: Gliridae (dormice) Subfamily: Leithiinae Genus: Dryomys Forest dormouse, Dryomys nitedula Family: Dipodidae (jerboas) Subfamily: Allactaginae Genus: Allactaga Balikun jerboa, Allactaga balikunica Gobi jerboa, Allactaga bullata Mongolian five-toed jerboa, Allactaga sibirica Genus: Pygeretmus Dwarf fat-tailed jerboa, Pygeretmus pumilio Subfamily: Cardiocraniinae Genus: Cardiocranius Five-toed pygmy jerboa, Cardiocranius paradoxus VU Genus: Salpingotus Thick-tailed pygmy jerboa, Salpingotus crassicauda VU Kozlov's pygmy jerboa, Salpingotus kozlovi Subfamily: Dipodinae Genus: Dipus Northern three-toed jerboa, Dipus sagitta Genus: Stylodipus Andrews's three-toed jerboa, Stylodipus andrewsi Mongolian three-toed jerboa, Stylodipus sungorus Subfamily: Euchoreutinae Genus: Euchoreutes Long-eared jerboa, Euchoreutes naso EN Subfamily: Sicistinae Genus: Sicista Northern birch mouse, Sicista betulina LR/nt Family: Spalacidae Subfamily: Myospalacinae Genus: Myospalax Transbaikal zokor, Myospalax psilurus LR/lc Family: Cricetidae Subfamily: Cricetinae Genus: Allocricetulus Mongolian hamster, Allocricetulus curtatus LR/lc Genus: Cricetulus Chinese striped hamster, Cricetulus barabensis LR/lc Long-tailed dwarf hamster, Cricetulus longicaudatus LR/lc Grey dwarf hamster, Cricetulus migratorius LR/nt Sokolov's dwarf hamster, Cricetulus sokolovi LR/lc Genus: Phodopus Campbell's dwarf hamster, Phodopus campbelli LR/lc Roborovski hamster, Phodopus roborovskii LR/lc Subfamily: Arvicolinae Genus: Alticola Gobi Altai mountain vole, Alticola barakshin LR/lc Large-eared vole, Alticola macrotis LR/lc Mongolian silver vole, Alticola semicanus LR/lc Flat-headed vole, Alticola strelzowi LR/lc Tuva silver vole, Alticola tuvinicus LR/lc Genus: Arvicola Water vole, Arvicola terrestris LR/lc Genus: Ellobius Zaisan mole vole, Ellobius tancrei LR/lc Genus: Eolagurus Yellow steppe lemming, Eolagurus luteus LR/cd Przewalski's steppe lemming, Eolagurus przewalskii LR/lc Genus: Lagurus Steppe lemming, Lagurus lagurus LR/lc Genus: Lasiopodomys Brandt's vole, Lasiopodomys brandtii LR/lc Genus: Microtus Field vole, Microtus agrestis LR/lc Common vole, Microtus arvalis LR/lc Narrow-headed vole, Microtus gregalis LR/lc Lacustrine vole, Microtus limnophilus LR/lc Maximowicz's vole, Microtus maximowiczii LR/lc Mongolian vole, Microtus mongolicus LR/lc Tundra vole, Microtus oeconomus LC Genus: Clethrionomys Bank vole, Clethrionomys glareolus LR/lc Northern red-backed vole, Clethrionomys rutilus LR/lc Genus: Craseomys Grey red-backed vole, Craseomys rufocanus LR/lc Genus: Myopus Wood lemming, Myopus schisticolor NT Genus: Ondatra Muskrat, Ondatra zibethicus LR/lc introduced Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters, etc.) Subfamily: Gerbillinae Genus: Meriones Midday jird, Meriones meridianus LR/lc Mongolian gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus LR/lc Genus: Rhombomys Great gerbil, Rhombomys opimus LR/lc Subfamily: Murinae Genus: Apodemus Korean field mouse, Apodemus peninsulae LR/lc Ural field mouse, Apodemus uralensis LR/lc Genus: Micromys Harvest mouse, Micromys minutus LR/nt Genus: Rattus Brown rat, R. norvegicus introduced
Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)
The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers. Family: Soricidae (shrews) Subfamily: Crocidurinae Genus: Crocidura Siberian shrew, Crocidura sibirica LR/lc Lesser white-toothed shrew, C. suaveolens Subfamily: Soricinae Tribe: Nectogalini Genus: Neomys Eurasian water shrew, Neomys fodiens LR/lc Tribe: Soricini Genus: Sorex Laxmann's shrew, Sorex caecutiens LR/lc Siberian large-toothed shrew, Sorex daphaenodon LR/lc Eurasian least shrew, Sorex minutissimus LR/lc Flat-skulled shrew, Sorex roboratus LR/lc Tundra shrew, Sorex tundrensis LR/lc Family: Talpidae (moles) Subfamily: Talpinae Tribe: Talpini Genus: Talpa Altai mole, Talpa altaica LR/lc
Locally extinct