This list shows the IUCN Red List status of 115 mammal species occurring in Spanish territory in the Iberian Peninsula. Seven species are endangered, thirteen are vulnerable, and three are near threatened. If the IUCN Red List status of a species in Spain differs from its global status, the status in Spain is shown next between brackets.
Order: Rodentia (rodents)
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to .
Suborder: Castorimorpha Family: Castoridae (beavers) Subfamily: Castorinae Tribe: Castorini Genus: Castor Eurasian beaver, C. fiber Ceña, J.C. et al. (2004). Castor europeo en Navarra y La Rioja. Galemys: Boletín informativo de la Sociedad Española para la conservación y estudio de los mamíferos 16(2): 91–98. Suborder: Sciurognathi Family: Sciuridae (squirrels) Subfamily: Sciurinae Tribe: Sciurini Genus: Sciurus Red squirrel, S. vulgaris Subfamily: Xerinae Tribe: Marmotini Genus: Marmota Alpine marmot, M. marmota introduced Family: Gliridae (dormice) Subfamily: Leithiinae Genus: Eliomys Garden dormouse, E. quercinus Subfamily: Glirinae Genus: Glis European edible dormouse, G. glis Suborder: Myomorpha Family: Cricetidae (hamsters, voles, lemmings) Subfamily: Arvicolinae Genus: Arvicola Southwestern water vole, A. sapidus European water vole, A. amphibius Genus: Chionomys Snow vole, C. nivalis Genus: Microtus Cabrera's vole, M. cabrerae Field vole, M. agrestis Common vole, M. arvalis Mediterranean pine vole, M. duodecimcostatus Gerbe's vole, M. gerbei Lusitanian pine vole, M. lusitanicus Genus: Clethrionomys Bank vole, C. glareolus Genus: Ondatra Muskrat, O. zibethicus introduced Family: Muridae (mice and rats) Subfamily: Murinae Genus: Apodemus Yellow-necked mouse, A. flavicollis Wood mouse, A. sylvaticus Genus: Micromys Eurasian harvest mouse, M. minutus Genus: Mus House mouse, M. musculus Algerian mouse, M. spretus Genus: Rattus Brown rat, R. norvegicus introduced Black rat, R. rattus introduced Family: Myocastoridae (coypu) Subfamily: Myocastorinae Genus: Myocastor Coypu, M. coypus introduced
Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)
The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.
Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares) Genus: Lepus Broom hare, L. castroviejoi European hare, L. europaeus Granada hare, L. granatensis Genus: Oryctolagus European rabbit, O. cuniculus
Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)
The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.
Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs) Subfamily: Erinaceinae Genus: Atelerix North African hedgehog, A. algirus introduced Genus: Erinaceus West European hedgehog, E. europaeus
Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)
The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout bodied burrowers. Family: Soricidae (shrews) Subfamily: Crocidurinae Genus: Crocidura Greater white-toothed shrew, C. russula Lesser white-toothed shrew, C. suaveolens Genus: Suncus Etruscan shrew, S. etruscus Subfamily: Soricinae Tribe: Nectogalini Genus: Neomys Southern water shrew, N. anomalus Eurasian water shrew, N. fodiens Tribe: Soricini Genus: Sorex Common shrew, S. araneus Crowned shrew, S. coronatus Iberian shrew, S. granarius Eurasian pygmy shrew, S. minutus Family: Talpidae (moles) Subfamily: Talpinae Tribe: Desmanini Genus: Galemys Pyrenean desman, G. pyrenaicus Tribe: Talpini Genus: Talpa (genus) European mole, T. europaea Iberian mole, T. occidentalis
Order: Chiroptera (bats)
The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals. Suborder: Microchiroptera Family: Vespertilionidae Subfamily: Myotinae Genus: Myotis Alcathoe bat, M. alcathoe Bechstein's bat, M. bechsteini Lesser mouse-eared bat, M. blythii Long-fingered bat, M. capaccinii Cryptic myotis, M. crypticus Daubenton's bat, M. daubentonii Geoffroy's bat, M. emarginatus Escalera's bat, M. escalerai Greater mouse-eared bat, M. myotis Whiskered bat, M. mystacinus Natterer's bat, M. nattereri Subfamily: Vespertilioninae Genus: Barbastella Western barbastelle, B. barbastellus Genus: Eptesicus Meridional serotine, E. isabellinus Serotine bat, E. serotinus Genus: Hypsugo Savi's pipistrelle, H. savii Genus: Nyctalus Greater noctule bat, N. lasiopterus Lesser noctule, N. leisleri Common noctule, N. noctula Genus: Pipistrellus Nathusius' pipistrelle, P. nathusii Kuhl's pipistrelle, P. kuhlii Common pipistrelle, P. pipistrellus Soprano pipistrelle, P. pygmaeus Genus: Plecotus Alpine long-eared bat, P. macrobullaris Brown long-eared bat, P. auritus Grey long-eared bat, P. austriacus Subfamily: Miniopterinae Genus: Miniopterus Common bent-wing bat, M. schreibersii Family: Molossidae Genus: Tadarida European free-tailed bat, T. teniotis Family: Rhinolophidae Subfamily: Rhinolophinae Genus: Rhinolophus Mediterranean horseshoe bat, R. euryale Greater horseshoe bat, R. ferrumequinum Lesser horseshoe bat, R. hipposideros Mehely's horseshoe bat, R. mehelyi
Order: Cetacea (whales)
The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater. Suborder: Mysticeti Family: Balaenidae (right whales) Genus: Eubalaena North Atlantic right whale, E. glacialis IUCN Family: Balaenopteridae (rorquals) Subfamily: Balaenopterinae Genus: Balaenoptera Blue whale, B. musculus Sei whale, B. borealis Fin whale, B. physalus Minke whale, B. acutorostrata Subfamily: Megapterinae Genus: Megaptera Humpback whale, M. novaeangliae Suborder: Odontoceti Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins) Genus: Lagenorhynchus White-beaked dolphin, Lagenorhynchus albirostris Genus: Leucopleurus Atlantic white-sided dolphin, Leucopleurus acutus Genus: Steno Rough-toothed dolphin, S. bredanensis Genus: Stenella Striped dolphin, S. coeruleoalba Atlantic spotted dolphin, S. frontalis Genus: Delphinus Common dolphin, D. delphis Genus: Globicephala Pilot whale, G. melas Short-finned pilot whale, G. macrorhynchus Genus: Grampus Risso's dolphin, G. griseus Genus: Feresa Pygmy killer whale, F. attenuata Genus: Pseudorca False killer whale, P. crassidens Genus: Orcinus Orca, O. orca Genus: Tursiops Common bottlenose dolphin, T. truncatus Family: Kogiidae (small sperm whales) Genus: Kogia Pygmy sperm whale, K. breviceps Dwarf sperm whale, K. sima Family: Phocoenidae (porpoises) Genus: Phocoena Harbour porpoise, P. phocoena Family: Physeteridae (sperm whales) Genus: Physeter Sperm whale, P. macrocephalus Family: Ziphiidae (beaked whales) Genus: Ziphius Cuvier's beaked whale, Z. cavirostris Subfamily: Hyperoodontinae Genus: Hyperoodon Northern bottlenose whale, H. ampullatus Genus: Mesoplodon Sowerby's beaked whale, M. bidens Blainville's beaked whale, M. densirostris Gervais' beaked whale, M. europaeus True's beaked whale, M. mirus
Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)
There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition. Suborder: Feliformia Family: Felidae Subfamily: Felinae Genus: Felis European wildcat, F. silvestris Genus: Lynx Iberian lynx, L. pardinus Family: Viverridae Subfamily: Viverrinae Genus: Genetta Common genet, G. genetta introduced Family: Herpestidae (mongooses) Genus: Herpestes Egyptian mongoose, H. ichneumon Suborder: Caniformia Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes) Genus: Canis Gray wolf, C. lupus Iberian wolf, C. l. signatus Genus: Vulpes Red fox, V. vulpes Family: Ursidae (bears) Genus: Ursus Brown bear, U. arctos Cantabrian brown bear, U. a. arctos Family: Procyonidae (raccoons) Genus: Procyon Raccoon, P. lotor introduced Family: Mustelidae (mustelids) Genus: Lutra European otter, L. lutra Genus: Martes Beech marten, M. foina European pine marten, M. martes Genus: Meles European badger, M. meles Genus: Mustela Stoat, M. erminea European mink, M. lutreola Least weasel, M. nivalis European polecat, M. putorius Genus: Neogale American mink, N. vison introduced
Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or tirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 222 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans. Family: Suidae (pigs) Subfamily: Suinae Genus: Sus Wild boar, S. scrofa Family: Cervidae (deer) Subfamily: Cervinae Genus: Cervus Red deer, C. elaphus Spanish red deer, C. e. hispanicus Genus: Dama European fallow deer, D. dama , introduced Subfamily: Capreolinae Genus: Capreolus Roe deer, C. capreolus Family: Bovidae Subfamily: Bovinae Genus: Bison European bison, B. bonasus Subfamily: Caprinae Genus: Ammotragus Barbary sheep, A. lervia , introduced Genus: Capra Iberian ibex, C. pyrenaica Southeastern Spanish ibex, C. p. hispanica Western Spanish ibex, C. p. victoriae Genus: Equus Wild horse, Equus ferus Przewalski's horse, E. ferus przewalski , introduced Genus: Ovis European mouflon, O. aries introduced Genus: Rupicapra Pyrenean chamois, R. pyrenaica
Globally and locally extinct
The following species are globally extinct: Aurochs, Bos primigenius (1627) Portuguese ibex, Capra pyrenaica lusitanica (c. 1890) Pyrenean ibex, C. p. pyrenaica (2003) Tarpan, Equus ferus ferus (1909)Bunzel-Drüke, Finck, Kämmer, Luick, Reisinger, Riecken, Riedl, Scharf & Zimball: "Wilde Weiden: Praxisleitfaden für Ganzjahresbeweidung in Naturschutz und Landschaftsentwicklung
The following species are locally extinct in peninsular Spain but continue to exist elsewhere: Gray whale, Eschrichtius robustus Eurasian lynx, Lynx lynx Mediterranean monk seal, Monachus monachus Alpine shrew, Sorex alpinusPalomo, L. J., Gisbert, J., & Blanco, J. C. (Eds.). (2007). Atlas y libro rojo de los mamíferos terrestres de España. Madrid: Organismo Autónomo de Parques Nacionales.
See also List of chordate orders Lists of mammals by region Mammal classification
References
Further reading