About 490 species of mammals are recorded in the United States. Unincorporated territories such as Puerto Rico, Guam or Northern Mariana Islands are not covered. Mammals introduced and extinct in the Holocene except Pleistocene/Holocene boundary are included.
Some species are identified as indicated below: (A) - Accidental (E) - Extinct (Ex) - Extirpated (extinct in the US, but exists elsewhere in the world) (I) - Introduced and the Endangered Species Act: E Endangered T Threatened XN, XE Experimental nonessential or essential population E(S/A), T(S/A) Endangered or threatened due to similarity of appearance
Subclass: Theria Infraclass: Metatheria Order: Didelphimorphia (common opossums) Didelphimorphia is the order of common opossums of the Western Hemisphere. Opossums probably diverged from the basic South American marsupials in the late Cretaceous or early Paleocene. They are small to medium-sized marsupials, about the size of a large house cat, with a long snout and prehensile tail.
Family: Didelphidae (American opossums) Subfamily: Didelphinae Genus: Didelphis Virginia opossum, Didelphis virginiana
Infraclass: Eutheria Order: Cingulata (armadillos) The armadillos are small mammals with a bony armored shell. They are native to the Americas. There are around 20 extant species. Only the Mexican long-nosed armadillo is found in the United States.
Family: Dasypodidae (armadillos) Genus: Dasypus Mexican long-nosed armadillo, Dasypus novemcinctus
Order: Rodentia (rodents) Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to . Suborder: Hystricognathi Family: Erethizontidae (New World porcupines) Genus: Erethizon North American porcupine, Erethizon dorsatum Suborder: Sciurognathi Family: Aplodontiidae (mountain beaver) Genus: Aplodontia Mountain beaver Aplodontia rufa Family: Castoridae (beavers) Genus: Castor North American beaver, Castor canadensis Family: Sciuridae (squirrels) Subfamily: Sciurinae Tribe: Pteromyini Northern flying squirrel, G. sabrinus (Carolina northern flying squirrel G. s. coloratus, Virginia northern flying squirrel G. s. fuscus: ) Humboldt's flying squirrel, G. oregonensis Southern flying squirrel, G. volans Tribe: Sciurini Abert's squirrel, S. aberti Arizona gray squirrel, S. arizonensis Eastern gray squirrel, S. carolinensis Western gray squirrel, S. griseus Mexican fox squirrel, S. nayaritensis Fox squirrel, S. niger (Delmarva fox squirrel, S. n. cinereus: ) Douglas squirrel, T. douglasii Southwestern red squirrel, T. fremonti (Mount Graham red squirrel, T. f. grahamensis: ) American red squirrel, T. hudsonicus Subfamily: Xerinae Tribe: Marmotini Harris's antelope squirrel, A. harrisii Texas antelope squirrel, A. interpres White-tailed antelope squirrel, A. leucurus San Joaquin antelope squirrel, A. nelsoni Gunnison's prairie dog, C. gunnisoni White-tailed prairie dog, C. leucurus Black-tailed prairie dog, C. ludovicianus Utah prairie dog, C. parvidens Alaska marmot, M. broweri (Alaska only) Hoary marmot, M. caligata Yellow-bellied marmot, M. flaviventris Groundhog, M. monax Olympic marmot, M. olympus California ground squirrel, O. beecheyi Douglas ground squirrel, O. douglasii Rock squirrel, O. variegatus Golden-mantled ground squirrel, C. lateralis Cascade golden-mantled ground squirrel, C. saturatus Mohave ground squirrel, X. mohavensis Spotted ground squirrel, X. spilosoma Round-tailed ground squirrel, X. tereticaudus Franklin's ground squirrel, P. franklinii Mexican ground squirrel, I. mexicanus Rio Grande ground squirrel, I. parvidens Thirteen-lined ground squirrel, I. tridecemlineatus Uinta ground squirrel, U. armatus Belding's ground squirrel, U. beldingi Northern Idaho ground squirrel, U. brunneus Southern Idaho ground squirrel, U. endemicus Columbian ground squirrel, U. columbianus Wyoming ground squirrel, U. elegans Arctic ground squirrel, U. parryii (Alaska only) Richardson's ground squirrel, U. richardsonii Townsend's ground squirrel, U. townsendii Merriam's ground squirrel, U. canus Piute ground squirrel, U. mollis Washington ground squirrel, U. washingtoni Alpine chipmunk, N. alpinus Yellow-pine chipmunk, N. amoenus Craters of the Moon chipmunk, N. cratericus Gray-footed chipmunk, N. canipes Gray-collared chipmunk, N. cinereicollis Cliff chipmunk, N. dorsalis Merriam's chipmunk, N. merriami Least chipmunk, N. minimus Coulee chipmunk, N. grisescens California chipmunk, N. obscurus Yellow-cheeked chipmunk, N. ochrogenys Palmer's chipmunk, N. palmeri Panamint chipmunk, N. panamintinus Long-eared chipmunk, N. quadrimaculatus Colorado chipmunk, N. quadrivittatus Red-tailed chipmunk, N. ruficaudus Hopi chipmunk, N. rufus Allen's chipmunk, N. senex Siskiyou chipmunk, N. siskiyou Sonoma chipmunk, N. sonomae Lodgepole chipmunk, N. speciosus Eastern chipmunk, T. striatus Townsend's chipmunk, N. townsendii Uinta chipmunk, N. umbrinus Family: Geomyidae Desert pocket gopher, G. arenarius Attwater's pocket gopher, G. attwateri Baird's pocket gopher, G. breviceps Plains pocket gopher, G. bursarius Hall's pocket gopher, G. jugossicularis Sand Hills pocket gopher, G. lutescens Knox Jones's pocket gopher, G. knoxjonesi Texas pocket gopher, G. personatus Strecker's pocket gopher, G. streckeri Southeastern pocket gopher, G. pinetis Llano pocket gopher, G. texensis Yellow-faced pocket gopher, P. castanops Botta's pocket gopher, T. bottae Camas pocket gopher, T. bulbivorus Wyoming pocket gopher, T. clusius Idaho pocket gopher, T. idahoensis Mazama pocket gopher, T. mazama Mountain pocket gopher, T. monticola Northern pocket gopher, T. talpoides Townsend's pocket gopher, T. townsendii Southern pocket gopher, T. umbrinus Family: Heteromyidae Subfamily: Dipodomyinae Agile kangaroo rat, D. agilis California kangaroo rat, D. californicus Gulf Coast kangaroo rat, D. compactus Desert kangaroo rat, D. deserti Texas kangaroo rat, D. elator Heermann's kangaroo rat, D. heermanni (Morro Bay kangaroo rat, D. h. morroensis: ) Giant kangaroo rat, D. ingens Merriam's kangaroo rat, D. merriami (San Bernardino kangaroo rat, D. m. parvus: ) Chisel-toothed kangaroo rat, D. microps Fresno kangaroo rat, D. nitratoides (D. n. exilis: , Tipton kangaroo rat, D. n. nitratoides: ) Ord's kangaroo rat, D. ordii Panamint kangaroo rat, D. panamintinus Banner-tailed kangaroo rat, D. spectabilis Stephens' kangaroo rat, D. stephensi Dulzura kangaroo rat, D. simulans Narrow-faced kangaroo rat, D. venustus Big-eared kangaroo rat, D. elephantinus Dark kangaroo mouse, M. megacephalus Pale kangaroo mouse, M. pallidus Subfamily: Heteromyinae Mexican spiny pocket mouse, L. irroratus Subfamily: Perognathinae Bailey's pocket mouse, C. baileyi California pocket mouse, Cv californicus Nelson's pocket mouse, C. nelsoni Chihuahuan pocket mouse, C. eremicus San Diego pocket mouse, C. fallax Long-tailed pocket mouse, C. formosus Hispid pocket mouse, C. hispidus Rock pocket mouse, C. intermedius Desert pocket mouse, C. penicillatus Baja pocket mouse, C. rudinoris Spiny pocket mouse, C. spinatus White-eared pocket mouse, P. alticola Arizona pocket mouse, P. amplus Olive-backed pocket mouse, P. fasciatus Plains pocket mouse, P. flavescens Silky pocket mouse, P. flavus San Joaquin pocket mouse, P. inornatus Little pocket mouse, P. longimembris (Pacific pocket mouse, P. l. pacificus: ) Merriam's pocket mouse, P. merriami Columbia Plateau pocket mouse, P. parvus Family: Zapodidae (jumping mice) Woodland jumping mouse, N. insignis Western woodland jumping mouse, N. abietorum Meadow jumping mouse, Z. hudsonius (Preble's meadow jumping mouse, Z. h. preblei: ) Southern meadow jumping mouse, Z. luteus Western jumping mouse, Z. princeps Oregon jumping mouse, Z. oregonus South Pacific jumping mouse, Z. pacificus North-western jumping mouse, Z. saltator Pacific jumping mouse, Z. trinotatus Central Pacific jumping mouse, Z. montanus Family: Cricetidae Subfamily: Arvicolinae White-footed vole, A. albipes Red tree vole, A. longicaudus California red tree mouse, A. pomo Western red-backed vole, C. californicus Southern red-backed vole, C. gapperi Northern red-backed vole, C. rutilus (Alaska only) Northern collared lemming, D. groenlandicus (Alaska only) Nelson's collared lemming, D. nelsoni (Alaska only) Unalaska collared lemming, D. unalascensis (Alaska only) Sagebrush vole, L. curtatus Nearctic brown lemming, L. trimucronatus (Alaska only) Beringian brown lemming, L. nigripes Insular vole, M. abbreviatus (Alaska only) Singing vole, M. miurus (Alaska only) California vole, M. californicus (M. c. scirpen: ) Gray-tailed vole, M. canicaudus Rock vole, M. chrotorrhinus Western meadow vole, M. drummondii Florida salt marsh vole, M. dukecampbelli (M. p. dukecampbelli: ) Long-tailed vole, M. longicaudus Mexican vole, M. mexicanus (M. m. hualpaiensis: ) Mogollon vole, M. mogollonensis Montane vole, M. montanus Prairie vole, M. ochrogaster Tundra vole, M. oeconomus (Alaska only) Creeping vole, M. oregoni Eastern meadow vole, M. pennsylvanicus Beach vole, M. p. breweri Woodland vole, M. pinetorum Water vole, M. richardsoni Townsend's vole, M. townsendii Taiga vole, M. xanthognathus (Alaska only) Round-tailed muskrat, N. alleni Muskrat, O. zibethicus Western heather vole, P. intermedius Eastern heather vole, P. ungava Northern bog lemming, S. borealis Southern bog lemming, S. cooperi Subfamily: Neotominae Northern pygmy mouse, B. taylori White-throated woodrat, N. albigula Bryant's woodrat, N. bryanti Bushy-tailed woodrat, N. cinerea Arizona woodrat, N. devia Eastern woodrat, N. floridana (Key Largo woodrat, N. f. smalli: ) Dusky-footed woodrat, N. fuscipes (N. f. riparia: ) Desert woodrat, N. lepida White-toothed woodrat, Nv leucodon Big-eared woodrat, N. macrotis Allegheny woodrat, N. magister Mexican woodrat, N. mexicana Southern plains woodrat, N. micropus Stephen's woodrat, N. stephensi Golden mouse, O. nuttalli Texas mouse, P. attwateri Brush mouse, P. boylii California mouse, P. californicus Canyon mouse, P. crinitus Cactus mouse, P. eremicus Northern Baja deer mouse, P. fraterculus Cotton mouse, P. gossypinus (P. g. allapaticola: ) Gambel's deer mouse, P. gambelii Osgood's mouse, P. gratus Northwestern deer mouse, P. keeni White-ankled mouse, P. pectoralis Southern deer mouse, P. labecula White-footed mouse, P. leucopus Eastern deer mouse, P. maniculatus Black-eared mouse, P. melanotis Mesquite mouse, P. merriami Northern rock mouse, P. nasutus Oldfield mouse, P. polionotus (Choctawhatchee beach mouse, P. p. allophrys: , Perdido Key beach mouse, P. p. trissyllepsis: , St. Andrews beach mouse, P. p. peninsularis: , Alabama beach mouse, P. p. ammobates: , Anastasia Island beach mouse, P. p. phasma: , Southeastern beach mouse, P. p. niveiventris: ) Western deermouse, P. sonoriensis Pinyon mouse, P. truei Florida mouse, P. floridanus Fulvous harvest mouse, R. fulvescens Eastern harvest mouse, R. humulis Western harvest mouse, R. megalotis Plains harvest mouse, R. montanus Salt marsh harvest mouse, R. raviventris Subfamily: Sigmodontinae Chihuahuan grasshopper mouse, O. arenicola Northern grasshopper mouse, O. leucogaster Southern grasshopper mouse, O. torridus Coues' rice rat, O. couesi Marsh rice rat, O. palustris (O. p. natator: ) Arizona cotton rat, S. arizonae Tawny-bellied cotton rat, S. fulviventer Hispid cotton rat, S. hispidus Yellow-nosed cotton rat, S. ochrognathus