Vietnamese era name

Vietnamese era names were titles adopted in historical Vietnam for the purpose of year identification and numbering.

Era names originated in 140 BCE in China, during the reign of the Emperor Wu of Han. Since the middle of the 6th century CE, independent Vietnamese dynasties started to proclaim their own era names.

During periods of direct Chinese rule, Chinese era names would gain official use in Vietnam, as was the case for other parts of China.

List of Vietnamese era names

The following is a list of era names adopted by independent Vietnamese monarchs. Era names used in Vietnam during the four periods of direct Chinese rule are not included.

Early Lý dynasty Era namePeriod of useLength of useRemarkLý BônThiên Đức544–548 CE5 yearsOr Đại Đức ().

Đinh dynasty Era namePeriod of useLength of useRemarkĐinh Bộ LĩnhThái Bình970–980 CE11 yearsUsage continued by Đinh Toàn upon his ascension to the throne.

Early Lê dynasty Era namePeriod of useLength of useRemarkLê HoànThiên Phúc980–988 CE9 yearsUsage might be from 981 CE to 988 CE, for a total length of 8 years.Hưng Thống989–993 CE5 yearsỨng Thiên994–1007 CE14 yearsUsage continued by Lê Trung Tông and Lê Ngọa Triều Đế upon their ascension to the throne.Lê Ngọa Triều ĐếCảnh Thụy1008–1009 CE2 yearsUsage continued by Lý Thái Tổ upon his ascension to the throne.

Lý dynasty Era namePeriod of useLength of useRemarkLý Thái TổThuận Thiên1010–1028 CE19 yearsLý Thái TôngThiên Thành1028–1034 CE7 yearsThông Thụy1034–1039 CE6 yearsCàn Phù Hữu Đạo1039–1042 CE4 yearsMinh Đạo1042–1044 CE3 yearsThiên Cảm Thánh Vũ1044–1049 CE6 yearsSùng Hưng Đại Bảo1049–1054 CE6 yearsLý Thánh TôngLong Thụy Thái Bình1054–1058 CE5 yearsChương Thánh Gia Khánh1059–1065 CE7 yearsLong Chương Thiên Tự1066–1068 CE3 yearsThiên Huống Bảo Tượng1068–1069 CE2 yearsThần Vũ1069–1072 CE4 yearsLý Nhân TôngThái Ninh1072–1076 CE5 yearsAnh Vũ Chiêu Thắng1076–1085 CE10 yearsQuảng Hựu1085–1092 CE8 yearsHội Phong1092–1100 CE9 yearsLong Phù1101–1109 CE9 yearsOr Long Phù Nguyên Hoá ().Hội Tường Đại Khánh1110–1119 CE10 yearsThiên Phù Duệ Vũ1120–1126 CE7 yearsThiên Phù Khánh Thọ1127 CE1 yearUsage continued by Lý Thần Tông upon his ascension to the throne.Lý Thần TôngThiên Thuận1128–1132 CE5 yearsOr Đại Thuận ().Thiên Chương Bảo Tự1133–1138 CE6 yearsLý Anh TôngThiệu Minh1138–1140 CE3 yearsĐại Định1140–1162 CE23 yearsChính Long Bảo Ứng1163–1174 CE12 yearsThiên Cảm Chí Bảo1174–1175 CE2 yearsUsage continued by Lý Cao Tông upon his ascension to the throne.Lý Cao TôngTrinh Phù1176–1186 CE11 yearsThiên Tư Gia Thụy1186–1202 CE17 yearsThiên Gia Bảo Hựu1202–1205 CE4 yearsOr Thiên Tư Bảo Hựu ().Trị Bình Long Ứng1205–1210 CE6 yearsUsage continued by Lý Huệ Tông upon his ascension to the throne.Lý Huệ TôngKiến Gia1211–1224 CE14 yearsLý Nguyên HoàngCàn Ninh1214–1216 CE3 yearsLý Chiêu HoàngThiên Chương Hữu Đạo1224–1225 CE2 years

Trần dynasty Era namePeriod of useLength of useRemarkTrần Thái TôngKiến Trung1225–1232 CE8 yearsThiên Ứng Chính Bình1232–1251 CE20 yearsNguyên Phong1251–1258 CE8 yearsTrần Thánh TôngThiệu Long1258–1272 CE15 yearsBảo Phù1273–1278 CE6 yearsUsage continued by Trần Nhân Tông upon his ascension to the throne.Trần Nhân TôngThiệu Bảo1279–1285 CE7 yearsTrùng Hưng1285–1293 CE9 yearsTrần Anh TôngHưng Long1293–1314 CE22 yearsTrần Minh TôngĐại Khánh1314–1323 CE10 yearsKhai Thái1324–1329 CE6 yearsTrần Hiến TôngKhai Hựu1329–1341 CE13 yearsTrần Dụ TôngThiệu Phong1341–1357 CE17 yearsĐại Trị1358–1369 CE12 yearsDương Nhật LễĐại Định1369–1370 CE2 yearsTrần Nghệ TôngThiệu Khánh1370–1372 CE3 yearsUsage continued by Trần Duệ Tông upon his ascension to the throne.Trần Duệ TôngLong Khánh1373–1377 CE5 yearsTrần HiệnXương Phù1377–1388 CE12 yearsTrần Thuận TôngQuang Thái1388–1398 CE11 yearsTrần AnKiến Tân1398–1400 CE3 years

Other regimes contemporaneous with Trần dynasty Era namePeriod of useLength of useRemarkNguyễn BổHy Nguyên1379 CE1 year

Hồ dynasty Era namePeriod of useLength of useRemarkHồ Quý LyThánh Nguyên1400 CE1 yearOr Nguyên Thánh (). Usage continued by Hồ Hán Thương upon his ascension to the throne.Hồ Hán ThươngThiệu Thành1401–1402 CE2 yearsKhai Đại1403–1407 CE5 years

Later Trần dynasty Era namePeriod of useLength of useRemarkGiản Định ĐếHưng Khánh1407–1409 CE3 yearsTrùng Quang ĐếTrùng Quang1409–1413 CE5 yearsTrần CảoThiên Khánh1426–1428 CE3 years

Other regimes contemporaneous with Later Trần dynasty Era namePeriod of useLength of useRemarkPhạm NgọcVĩnh Ninh1417–1420 CE4 yearsLê NgãVĩnh Thiên1420 CE1 month

Primitive Lê dynasty Era namePeriod of useLength of useRemarkLê Thái TổThuận Thiên1428–1433 CE6 yearsUsage continued by Lê Thái Tông upon his ascension to the throne.Lê Thái TôngThiệu Bình1434–1439 CE6 yearsĐại Bảo1440–1442 CE3 yearsOr Thái Bảo (). Usage continued by Lê Nhân Tông upon his ascension to the throne.Lê Nhân TôngĐại Hòa1443–1453 CE11 yearsOr Thái Hòa ().Diên Ninh1454–1459 CE6 yearsLê Nghi DânThiên Hưng1459–1460 CE2 yearsLê Thánh TôngQuang Thuận1460–1469 CE10 yearsHồng Đức1470–1497 CE28 yearsUsage continued by Lê Hiến Tông upon his ascension to the throne.Lê Hiến TôngCảnh Thống1498–1504 CE7 yearsLê Túc TôngThái Trinh1504 CE1 yearUsage continued by Lê Uy Mục Đế upon his ascension to the throne.Lê Uy Mục ĐếĐoan Khánh1505–1509 CE5 yearsLê Tương Dực ĐếHồng Thuận1509–1516 CE8 yearsLê Chiêu TôngQuang Thiệu1516–1522 CE7 yearsLê Cung HoàngThống Nguyên1522–1527 CE6 years

Other regimes contemporaneous with Primitive Lê dynasty Era namePeriod of useLength of useRemarkTrần CaoThiên Ứng1516 CE8 monthsOr Ứng Thiên ().Trần CungTuyên Hòa1516–1521 CE6 yearsLê BảngĐại Đức1518–1519 CE2 yearsOr Thiên Đức ().Lê DoThiên Hiến1519 CE1 year

Mạc dynasty Era namePeriod of useLength of useRemarkMạc Thái TổMinh Đức1527–1529 CE3 yearsMạc Thái TôngĐại Chính1530–1540 CE11 yearsUsage continued by Mạc Hiến Tông upon his ascension to the throne.Mạc Hiến TôngQuảng Hòa1541–1546 CE6 yearsMạc Tuyên TôngVĩnh Định1547–1548 CE2 yearsUsage might be in 1547 CE, for a total length of 1 year.Cảnh Lịch1548–1555 CE8 yearsUsage might be from 1548 CE to 1553 CE, for a total length of 6 years; or from 1548 CE to 1554 CE, for a total length of 7 years.Quang Bảo1555–1564 CE10 yearsUsage might be from 1554 CE to 1561 CE, for a total length of 8 years; or from 1554 CE to 1564 CE, for a total length of 11 years. Usage continued by Mạc Mậu Hợp upon his ascension to the throne.Mạc Mậu HợpThuần Phúc1565–1568 CE4 yearsUsage might be from 1562 CE to 1566 CE, for a total length of 5 years; or from 1565 CE to 1566 CE, for a total length of 2 years.Sùng Khang1568–1578 CE11 yearsUsage might be from 1566 CE to 1578 CE, for a total length of 13 years.Diên Thành1578–1585 CE8 yearsĐoan Thái1585–1588 CE4 yearsUsage might be from 1586 CE to 1587 CE, for a total length of 2 years.Hưng Trị1588–1591 CE4 yearsUsage might be from 1588 CE to 1590 CE, for a total length of 3 years.Hồng Ninh1591–1592 CE2 yearsMạc ToànVũ An1592 CE1 yearMạc Kính ChỉBảo Định1592 CE1 yearKhang Hựu1593 CE1 yearMạc Kính CungCàn Thống1593–1625 CE33 yearsMạc Kính KhoanLong Thái1618–1625 CE8 yearsMạc Kính VũThuận Đức1638–1677 CE40 yearsUsage might be from 1638 CE to 1661 CE, for a total length of 24 years.Mạc Nguyên ThanhVĩnh Xương1661–1679 CE19 years

Revival Lê dynasty Era namePeriod of useLength of useRemarkLê Trang TôngNguyên Hòa1533–1548 CE16 yearsUsage continued by Lê Trung Tông upon his ascension to the throne.Lê Trung TôngThuận Bình1549–1556 CE8 yearsUsage continued by Lê Anh Tông upon his ascension to the throne.Lê Anh TôngThiên Hựu1557 CE1 yearChính Trị1558–1571 CE14 yearsHồng Phúc1572 CE1 yearLê Thế TôngGia Thái1573–1577 CE5 yearsQuang Hưng1578–1599 CE22 yearsUsage continued by Lê Kính Tông upon his ascension to the throne.Lê Kính TôngThận Đức1600 CE1 yearHoằng Định1600–1619 CE20 yearsLê Thần TôngVĩnh Tộ1619–1629 CE11 yearsĐức Long1629–1635 CE7 yearsDương Hòa1635–1643 CE9 yearsLê Chân TôngPhúc Thái1643–1649 CE7 yearsLê Thần TôngKhánh Đức1649–1653 CE5 yearsThịnh Đức1653–1658 CE6 yearsVĩnh Thọ1658–1662 CE5 yearsVạn Khánh1662 CE1 yearUsage continued by Lê Huyền Tông upon his ascension to the throne.Lê Huyền TôngCảnh Trị1663–1671 CE9 yearsUsage continued by Lê Gia Tông upon his ascension to the throne.Lê Gia TôngDương Đức1672–1674 CE3 yearsĐức Nguyên1674–1675 CE2 yearsUsage continued by Lê Hy Tông upon his ascension to the throne.Lê Hy TôngVĩnh Trị1676–1680 CE5 yearsChính Hòa1680–1705 CE26 yearsLê Dụ TôngVĩnh Thịnh1705–1720 CE16 yearsBảo Thái1720–1729 CE10 yearsLê Duy PhườngVĩnh Khánh1729–1732 CE4 yearsLê Thuần TôngLong Đức1732–1735 CE4 yearsLê Ý TôngVĩnh Hựu1735–1740 CE6 yearsLê Hiển TôngCảnh Hưng1740–1786 CE47 yearsUsage continued by Lê Mẫn Đế upon his ascension to the throne. Lê Mẫn ĐếChiêu Thống1787–1789 CE3 years

Other regimes contemporaneous with Revival Lê dynasty Era namePeriod of useLength of useRemarkLê HiếnQuang Chiếu1533–1536 CE4 yearsVũ ĐăngLa Bình1594 CE1 yearNguyễn Minh TríĐại Đức1595–1597 CE3 yearsNguyễn Đương MinhPhúc Đức1596–1597 CE2 years

Tây Sơn dynasty Era namePeriod of useLength of useRemarkThái Đức ĐếThái Đức1778–1793 CE16 yearsQuang Trung ĐếQuang Trung1788–1792 CE5 yearsUsage continued by Cảnh Thịnh Đế upon his ascension to the throne.Cảnh Thịnh ĐếCảnh Thịnh1793–1801 CE9 yearsBảo Hưng1801–1802 CE2 years

Nguyễn dynasty Era namePeriod of useLength of useRemarkGia Long ĐếGia Long1802–1819 CE18 yearsMinh Mạng ĐếMinh Mạng1820–1841 CE22 yearsThiệu Trị ĐếThiệu Trị1841–1847 CE7 yearsUsage continued by Tự Đức Đế upon his ascension to the throne.Tự Đức ĐếTự Đức1848–1883 CE36 yearsUsage continued by Dục Đức Đế, Hiệp Hòa Đế, and Kiến Phúc Đế upon their ascension to the throne. The Gregorian calendar has been used in Vietnam since the region was colonized by France in 1858.Hiệp Hòa ĐếHiệp Hòadid not usedid not useThe era name Hiệp Hòa was originally planned to supersede Tự Đức, but Hiệp Hòa Đế was deposed before the era name was put into effective use.Kiến Phúc ĐếKiến Phúc1884 CE1 yearUsage continued by Hàm Nghi Đế upon his ascension to the throne.Hàm Nghi ĐếHàm Nghi1885 CE1 yearUsage continued by Đồng Khánh Đế upon his ascension to the throne. Đồng Khánh ĐếĐồng Khánh1885–1889 CE5 yearsThành Thái ĐếThành Thái1889–1907 CE19 yearsDuy Tân ĐếDuy Tân1907–1916 CE10 yearsKhải Định ĐếKhải Định1916–1925 CE10 yearsUsage continued by Bảo Đại Đế upon his ascension to the throne.Bảo Đại ĐếBảo Đại1926–1945 CE20 years

See also List of Vietnamese monarchs Family tree of Vietnamese monarchs

References

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