This is a list of women who have made noteworthy contributions to or achievements in mathematics. These include mathematical research, mathematics education, the history and philosophy of mathematics, public outreach, and mathematics contests.

A

Karen Aardal (born 1961), Norwegian and Dutch applied mathematician, theoretical computer scientist, and operations researcher Hanan Mohamed Abdelrahman, Egyptian and Norwegian mathematics educator Izabela Abramowicz (1889–1973), Polish mathematician and mathematics educator Louise Doris Adams (1889–1965), British mathematics reformer, president of the Mathematical Association Rachel Blodgett Adams (1894–1982), American mathematician, one of the earliest mathematics doctorates from Radcliffe College Tatyana Afanasyeva (1876–1964), Russian-Dutch researcher in statistical mechanics, randomness, and geometry education Amandine Aftalion (born 1973), French applied mathematician, studies superfluids and the mathematics of footracing Maria Gaetana Agnesi (1718–1799), Italian mathematician and philosopher, possibly the first female mathematics professor Ilka Agricola (born 1973), German expert on differential geometry and its applications in mathematical physics Nkechi Agwu (born 1962), African American ethnomathematician Dorit Aharonov (born 1970), Israeli specialist in quantum computing Beatrice Aitchison (1908–1997), American topologist who became a transportation economist in the US civil service Noreen Sher Akbar, Pakistani fluid dynamicist Shabnam Akhtari, Iranian number theorist Jacqueline Akinpelu (born 1953), American applied mathematician and operations researcher Asuman Aksoy, Turkish-American functional analyst Meike Akveld, Swiss knot theorist and mathematics educator Fatiha Alabau (born 1961), French expert in control of partial differential equations, president of French applied mathematics society Mara Alagic, Serbian mathematics educator, editor-in-chief of Journal of Mathematics and the Arts Ofelia Teresa Alas (born 1943), second woman to receive mathematics Ph.D. in Brazil from a Brazilian institution Lara Alcock, British mathematics educator and author Helen Popova Alderson (1924–1972), Russian and British mathematician and translator, wrote on quasigroups and reciprocity laws Grace Alele-Williams (1932–2022), first woman to lead a Nigerian university Aldona Aleškevičienė-Statulevičienė (1936–2017), Lithuanian probability theorist Stephanie B. Alexander, American differential geometer Florence Eliza Allen (1876–1960), second female and fourth overall mathematics PhD from the University of Wisconsin Linda J. S. Allen, American mathematician and mathematical biologist Elizabeth S. Allman (born 1965), American mathematical biologist Ann S. Almgren, American applied mathematician who works on computational simulations of supernovae and white dwarfs Melania Alvarez, Mexican-Canadian mathematics educator, organizer of summer mathematics camps for indigenous students Yvette Amice (1936–1993), French expert on p-adic analysis who became president of the French mathematical society Divsha Amirà (1899–1966), Israeli geometer and mathematics educator T. A. Sarasvati Amma (1918–2000), Historian of ancient Indian mathematics Astrid an Huef, New Zealand expert on functional analysis, president of New Zealand Mathematical Society Nalini Anantharaman (born 1976), French mathematical physicist, winner of the Henri Poincaré Prize Beverly Anderson (born 1943), American mathematician, director of minority programs for Mathematical Sciences Education Board Kirsti Andersen (born 1941), Danish historian of mathematics Cabiria Andreian Cazacu (1928–2018), Romanian complex analyst Hajnal Andréka (born 1947), Hungarian researcher in algebraic logic Annie Dale Biddle Andrews (1885–1940), algebraic geometer, first female PhD from the University of California, Berkeley Grace Andrews (mathematician) (1869–1951), one of only two women listed in the first edition of American Men of Science Lidia Angeleri Hügel (born 1960), Italian expert on tilting theory and silting theory Guacolda Antoine Lazzerini (1908–2015), Chilean mathematician and mathematics educator Kathleen Antonelli (1921–2006), Irish-American programmer of ENIAC, the first general-purpose electronic digital computer Paola Antonietti (born 1980), Italian numerical analyst, applies domain decomposition methods to geophysical simulation Noriko H. Arai (born 1962), Japanese mathematical logician and artificial intelligence researcher Crista Arangala, American numerical analyst, textbook author, and international educator Carolina Araujo, Brazilian algebraic geometer Gabriela Araujo-Pardo, Mexican graph theorist, president of Mexican Mathematical Society Maria Angela Ardinghelli (1730–1825), Italian translator of Stephen Hales, mathematician, physicist and noble Esther Arkin, Israeli-American researcher in operations research and computational geometry Sandra Arlinghaus, founder of the Institute of Mathematical Geography Beulah Armstrong (1895–1965), American mathematician, University of Illinois Marie-Claude Arnaud, French expert in dynamical systems Mary Nicholas Arnoldy (1893–1985), American nun and mathematician Fuensanta Aroca, Spanish-Mexican tropical geometer Elayne Arrington, American aerospace engineer, expert on Soviet aircraft Sharon Arroyo, American operations researcher in aircraft manufacture Michèle Artigue (born 1946), French expert in mathematics education Natascha Artin Brunswick (1909–2003), German-American mathematician, photographer, and journal editor Shiri Artstein (born 1978), Israeli mathematician specializing in convex geometry and asymptotic geometric analysis Marcia Ascher (1935–2013), American ethnomathematician Winifred Asprey (1917–2007), helped establish the first computer science lab at Vassar Hilda Assiyatun, Indonesian graph theorist, president of Indonesian Combinatorial Society Susan Assmann (1956–2020), American discrete mathematician and biostatistician Michèle Audin (born 1954), French researcher in symplectic geometry Bonnie Averbach (1933–2019), American mathematics and actuarial educator and author Tamara Awerbuch-Friedlander (died 2021), American biomathematician and public health scientist Christine Ayoub (1922–2024), Canadian-American algebraist Hertha Ayrton (1854–1923), English engineer, mathematician, physicist, and inventor, winner of the Hughes Medal

B

Ellen Baake (born 1961), German mathematical biologist Wealthy Babcock (1895–1990), American mathematician, namesake of Kansas University mathematics library Christine Bachoc (born 1964), French expert on coding theory and kissing numbers Clara Latimer Bacon (1866–1948), first woman to earn a Ph.D. in mathematics from Johns Hopkins University Jenny Baglivo (born 1948), American mathematician, statistician, and book author Hajer Bahouri (born 1958), Franco-Tunisian mathematician interested in partial differential equations Ann E. Bailie (born 1935), American mathematician and space scientist, discovered that the earth is pear-shaped Frances Ellen Baker (1902–1995), American mathematician and number theorist Kitty Baker (1912–2014), American mathematics educator, artist and weaver, and author Rose Baker, British physicist, mathematician, and statistician Ruth Baker, British mathematical biologist interested in pattern formation and morphogenesis Rena Bakhshi (born 1981), Dutch complex network theorist Viviane Baladi (born 1963), Swiss-French expert on dynamical systems Jennifer Balakrishnan, American number theorist who solved the "cursed curve" Deborah Loewenberg Ball, American mathematics education researcher Cristina Ballantine, Romanian-born American algebraic combinatorist and number theorist Catherine Bandle (born 1943), Swiss expert on differential equations and isoperimetric inequalities Selenne Bañuelos (born 1985), Mexican-American mathematician and mathematical biologist Hélène Barcelo (born 1954), mathematician from Québec, former editor-in-chief of Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A Grace Marie Bareis (1875–1962), American group theorist, first mathematics Ph.D. at Ohio State, and founding member of the MAA Nina Bari (1901–1961), Soviet mathematician known for her work on trigonometric series Ruth Aaronson Bari (1917–2005), American mathematician known for her work in graph theory and homomorphisms Mildred Barnard (1908–2000), Australian biometrician, mathematician and statistician Janet Barnett, American mathematician known for integrating the history of mathematics into her teaching Ida Barney (1886–1982), American mathematics professor and astronomer Charlotte Barnum (1860–1934), mathematician and social activist, first female mathematics PhD from Yale Margaret Baron (1915–1996), British mathematics educator and historian of mathematics Lida Barrett (1927–2021), second female president of the MAA Katrina Barron (born 1965), American expert on vertex operator algebra June Barrow-Green (born 1953), British historian of mathematics Jean Bartik (1924–2011), one of the original programmers for the ENIAC computer Martha Helen Barton (1891–1971), American mathematician and professor Estelle Basor (born 1947), American mathematician interested in operator theory and the theory of random matrices Marjorie Batchelor, American mathematician known for Batchelor's theorem on supermanifolds Grace Bates (1914–1996), one of few women in the United States to be granted a PhD in mathematics in the 1940s Lynn Batten (born 1948), Canadian immigrant to Australia, researcher in finite geometries and cryptography Helga Baum (born 1954), German differential geometer Patricia E. Bauman, studies the mathematics of liquid crystals and superconductors Karin Baur, Swiss combinatorial representation theorist Agnes Sime Baxter (1870–1917), second Canadian and fourth North American woman to earn a mathematics PhD Margaret Bayer, American mathematician working in polyhedral combinatorics Pilar Bayer (born 1946), Spanish number theorist Eva Bayer-Fluckiger (born 1951), Hungarian-Swiss mathematician, proved Serre's conjecture on Galois cohomology of classical groups Jillian Beardwood (1934–2019), British mathematician, contributed to the traveling salesperson problem Karine Beauchard (born 1978), French control theorist Agnès Beaudry, Canadian-American stable homotopy theorist Miriam Becker (1909–2000), American mathematician whose career became a test case for unionization and academic tenure Astrid Beckmann (born 1957), German mathematician, mathematics educator, physicist, and academic administrator May Beenken (1901–1988), American mathematician Janet Beery, American mathematician and historian of mathematics Mary Beisiegel, American mathematics educator Marion Beiter (1907–1982), American mathematician, expert on cyclotomic polynomials sarah-marie belcastro, American algebraic geometer, editor of books on mathematics and fiber arts Hélène Bellosta (1946–2011), French historian of mathematics in medieval Islam Alexandra Bellow (1935–2025), Romanian researcher in ergodic theory, probability and analysis Margherita Piazzola Beloch (1879–1976), Italian researcher in algebraic geometry, algebraic topology and photogrammetry Amel Ben Abda, Tunisian applied mathematician Carolina Benedetti, Colombian combinatorist, co-executive director of Mathematical Circles Colombia Suzan Rose Benedict (1873–1942), first woman to earn a PhD from the University of Michigan Georgia Benkart (1947–2022), American mathematician, expert on Lie algebras Alona Ben-Tal, Israeli and New Zealand applied mathematician, models human and bird breathing Deborah J. Bennett (born 1950), American mathematics educator and popular mathematics book author Sylvie Benzoni (born 1967), French expert in fluid dynamics and partial differential equations, director of the Institut Henri Poincaré