This page provides supplementary chemical data on glycerol.
Material Safety Data Sheet
The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommended that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) for this chemical from a reliable source and follow its directions.
Structure and properties
Structure and properties Index of refraction, nD 1.4729 at 20 °C Abbe number? Dielectric constant, εr 42.5 ε0 at 25 °C Bond strength ? Bond length ? Bond angle ? Magnetic susceptibility ? Surface tension 63.4 mN/m at 20 °C58.6 mN/m at 90 °C51.9 mN/m at 150 °C Viscosity 1.412 Pa·s at 20 °C
Thermodynamic properties
Phase behavior Triple point 291.8 K (18.7 °C), ~99500 Pa Critical point 850 K (577 °C), 7500 kPa Std enthalpy changeof fusion, ΔfusHo 18.28 kJ/mol Std entropy changeof fusion, ΔfusSo 62.7 J/(mol·K) Std enthalpy changeof vaporization, ΔvapHo 91.7 kJ/mol Std entropy changeof vaporization, ΔvapSo 201 J/(mol·K) Solid properties Std enthalpy changeof formation, ΔfHosolid ? kJ/mol Standard molar entropy,Sosolid 37.87 J/(mol K) Heat capacity, cp 150. J/(mol K) 6 °C - 11 °C Liquid properties Std enthalpy changeof formation, ΔfHoliquid –669.6 kJ/mol Standard molar entropy,Soliquid 206.3 J/(mol K)Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 17th Ed., 2017, McGraw-Hill Education, Table 2.54. Enthalpy of combustion, ΔcHo –1654.3 kJ/mol Heat capacity, cp 221.9 J/(mol K) at 25 °C Gas properties Std enthalpy changeof formation, ΔfHogas –577.9 kJ/mol Standard molar entropy,Sogas ? J/(mol K) Heat capacity, cp ? J/(mol K)
Vapor pressure of liquid P in mm Hg 1 10 40 100 400 760 T in °C 125.5 167.2 198.0 220.1 263.0 290.0
Table data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 44th ed.
loge of Glycerol vapor pressure. Uses formula: with coefficients A=-2.125867E+01, B=-1.672626E+04, C=1.655099E+02, and D=1.100480E-05 obtained from CHERIC
Freezing point of aqueous solutions % glycerolby weight 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Freezing point°C –1.6 –4.8 –9.5 –15.5 –22.0 –33.6 –37.8 –19.2 –1.6 17.0 Specific gravityd15° 1.02415 1.04935 1.07560 1.10255 1.12985 1.15770 1.18540 1.21290 1.23950 1.26557 Table data obtained from Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. Specific gravity is at 15 °C, referenced to water at 15 °C.
See details on: Freezing Points of Glycerine-Water Solutions Dow Chemical Freezing Points of Glycerine-Water Solutions Dow Chemical or Freezing Points of Glycerol and Its Aqueous Solutions.
Distillation data Vapor-liquid Equilibrium of Glycerol/waterP = 760 mmHg BPTemp.°C % by mole water liquid vapor 278.8 2.75 93.15 247.0 4.67 94.73 224.0 6.90 95.63 219.2 7.67 97.43 210.0 9.01 97.83 202.5 10.31 97.24 196.5 11.59 98.39 175.2 17.56 98.99 149.3 30.04 99.64 137.2 38.47 99.76 136.8 38.95 98.78 131.8 43.58 99.76 121.5 56.33 99.84 112.8 70.68 99.93 111.3 73.86 99.94 106.3 84.42 99.96
Spectral data
UV-Vis λmax ? nm Extinction coefficient, ε ? IR Major absorption bands ? cm−1 NMR Proton NMR Carbon-13 NMR Other NMR data MS Masses of main fragments
References