Census in Egypt

The practice of conducting a periodic census began in Egypt in the second millennium BC, where it was used for tax gathering and to determine fitness for military services.

Pre-modern censuses

Pharaonic era The earliest Egyptian census was the cattle count, which counted not people but livestock (especially but not exclusively cows) for taxation purposes. During the early Old Kingdom it was taken every two years; the frequency increased over time. Human censuses in Egypt first appeared in the late Middle Kingdom and develops in the New Kingdom.D. Valbelle. "Les recensements dans l'Egypte pharaonique des troisième et deuxième millénaires" CRIPEL 9 (1987) 37 - 49. Herodotus wrote that Ahmose I, first monarch of the New Kingdom, required every Egyptian to declare annually to the nomarch, "whence he gained his living".Herodotus, Histories II, 177, 2 Under the Ptolemies and the Romans several censuses were conducted in Egypt by government officials.Paul Cartledge, Peter Garnsey, Erich S. Gruen Hellenistic Constructs: Essays in Culture, History, and Historiography 242 ss.

Roman era

Roman censuses in Egypt estimated the population at 4.5 million inhabitants in the year 14 AD and 5 million in 164 AD.

Islamic era (600 AD) A census also took place in the era of Hesham Abdel Malek ben Marwan in the year 600 AD including the number of people, their ages and residences.

Napoleonic era (1798) In 1798, Egypt's population was estimated at 3 million when Napoleon invaded the country.

1848 and 1868 Censuses After preliminary enumerations in some urban areas and villages the first countrywide census was carried out in 1848.Fargues, Philippe. Family and household in mid-nineteenth century Cairo. In Doumani, Beshara, ed. Family history in the Middle East: household, property, and gender A modern analysis of the 1848 census records, which attempts to adjust for various discrepancies in the data, concluded that Egypt's population was 4.476 million people back then.Alleaume, G. and P. Fargues. 1998. La naissance d'une statistique d'état. Histoire & Mesure 13: 147-193 The 1848 census is said to be the first in a non-Western country to include demographic, social, and economic data on practically all individuals including females, children, and slaves. Digitization of the 1848 and 1868 census records is underway based on documents in the National Archives of Egypt.Saleh, Mohamed. "A Pre-Colonial Population Brought to Light: Digitization of the Nineteenth Century Egyptian Censuses," Historical Methods 46:1 (January 2013) 5-18. (online draft)

Modern censuses Population censuses During the last 135 years, Egypt has carried out around 14 official population censuses: the first was in 1882 and the most recent in 2017.

Official population censuses in Egypt since 1882 No. Year Population Census Carried out during Image 1 18826,806,381 2 18979,734,4051897 Egyptian Census 3 190711,189,9781907 Egyptian Census 4 191712,716,2551917 Egyptian Census 5 192714,177,8641927 Egyptian Census 6 193715,921,0001937 Egyptian Census 7 194718,967,0001947 Egyptian Census 8 196026,085,0001960 Egyptian Census 9 196630,076,0001966 Egyptian Census 10 197636,626,0001976 Egyptian Census 11 198648,205,0491986 Egyptian Census 12 199659,276,6721996 Egyptian Census 13 200672,798,0312006 Egyptian Census 14 201794,798,8272017 Egyptian Census - 2022103,011,914

CensusYear Population(in thousands) Population density(inhabitants/km2) 1882 6,712 6.65 1897 9,669 9.58 1907 11,190 11.09 1917 12,718 12.60 1927 14,178 14.05 1937 15,921 15.78 1947 18,967 18.79 1960 26,085 25.84 1966 30,076 29.79 1976 36,626 36.28 1986 48,254 47.80 1996 59,312 58.76 2006 72,798 70.70

1882 1882 — The first census in Egypt had been carried out. The total population was 6.7 million.

1947 According to the 1947 census, Egypt's population had reached 19 million inhabitants. Province or governorate Population(1947 census) Alexandria 928,237 Aswan 285,551 Asyut 1,379,875 Beheira 1,242,478 Beni Suef 613,365 Cairo 2,100,486 Dakahlia 1,366,085 Damietta 124,104 Faiyum 671,885 Frontiers 216,872 Gharbia 2,316,619 Girga (currently Sohag Governorate) 1,288,425 Giza 822,424 Ismailia 132,810 Minya 1,061,417 Monufia 1,168,777 Port Said 178,432 Qalyubia 687,169 Qena 1,106,296 Sharqia 1,290,890 Suez 108,250 Total population 19,090,447

Summary of results from 1976 to 2017 A census in 1976 revealed that the population had risen to 36.6 million. In 1986, a census indicated that the population of Egypt reached a total of 50.4 million, including about 2.3 million Egyptians working in other countries. In 1996, the census found a population of 59.3 million. In 2006, the thirteenth census in the Egyptian census series revealed that the Egypt's population hit 76.5 million inside and outside the country. A new census was done in 2017. Census day was 18 April 2017 and Egypt's population on that date was estimated to be 94,798,827.

Summary of results of 2006 census

Nationwide demographics +Some statistics for the whole countryStatistic Numerical result Changes in population compared to the 1996 census All age groups combined22% Under 6 years old168% Under 15 years old256% Over 45 years old289% Number of Households 17,265,567 Household Population 72,131,096 Family average 4 to 5 Number of university graduates 5,476,704 Number of Illiterates 2006 16,806,657 Raw Birth Rate 26 Raw Death Rate 6

Population by governorate

Governorate 1996 2006 Change %Cairo 6,800,991 7,786,640 14.49Giza 4,784,095 6,272,571 31.11Sharqia 4,281,068 5,340,058 24.74Dakahlia 4,223,338 4,985,187 18.04Beheira 3,994,297 4,737,129 18.60Gharbia 3,404,339 4,010,298 17.80Alexandria 3,339,076 4,110,015 23.09Minya 3,310,129 4,179,309 26.26 Qalyubia 3,281,135 4,237,003 29.13 Sohag 3,123,114 3,746,377 19.96 Asyut 2,802,334 3,441,597 22.81 Monufia 2,760,429 3,270,404 18.47 Qena 2,442,016 3,001,494 22.91 Kafr el-Sheikh 2,223,383 2,618,111 17.75 Faiyum 1,989,772 2,512,792 26.29 Beni Suef 1,859,213 2,290,527 23.20 Aswan 960,510 1,184,432 23.31 Damietta 913,555 1,092,316 19.57 Ismailia 714,828 942,832 31.90 Port Said 472,331 570,768 20.84 Suez 417,526 510,935 22.37 Luxor 361,138 451,318 24.97 North Sinai 252,160 339,752 34.74 Matruh 212,001 322,341 52.05 Red Sea 157,314 288,233 83.22 New Valley 141,774 187,256 32.08 South Sinai 54,806 149,335 172.48 Total Egypt 59,276,672 72,579,030 22.44

Future projections

At current pace, Egypt's population is expected to reach 160 million by 2050. However, if the current rate of reproduction diminishes, the population may be limited to 120 million by 2050. Egypt already has one of the highest real population densities in the world.

See also Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics Demographics of Egypt Population history of Egypt Population and housing censuses by country

References General https://web.archive.org/web/20070930225811/http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001038.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20070928001729/http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001446.htm http://countrystudies.us/egypt/55.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20070930230227/http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/Pub/yearbook/yearbook2006/110104000000000001.htm http://www.citypopulation.de/Egypt.html http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/papyrus/records/971r.html CAPMAS website Specific

External links Population Distribution by Sex Average Size of Household and Sex Ratio Population Distribution by Educational Status Population Distribution by Age Groups Population Distribution by Marital Status No of Households & % of their Connection to Public Utilities 2006 Census Analysis Series