Bhoopali, also known as Bhoop, Bhopali, or Bhupali, is a Hindustani classical raga. Bhupālī, is a raag in Kalyan Thaat. It is a pentatonic scale (uses 5 notes in ascending and descending scale). Most of the songs in this raga are based on Bhakti rasa. Since it uses 5 notes, belongs to the "Audav jaati" of ragas.
The same raga in Carnatic music is known as Mohanam.
Raga Bhoopali, Raga Yaman, and Raga Bhairav tend to be the three basic ragas of Hindustani music, learned first by its students.
Theory Karhade (2011) explains that raga Bhopali consists of just 5 notes—सा रे ग प ध (sa, re, ga, pa, and dha). It does not use Ma (also called Madhyam) and Ni (also called Nishadh). It is said that the absence of Ni (representative of physical pleasure) and Ma (representative of loving) means this raga is about non-attachment.
The Introduction consists of two parts – Aaroh आरोह (where the notes are simply recited on an ascending scale) and Avaroha (where the notes are simply recited on a descending order)
Thereafter, with these same five notes, different combinations are made by the singer, similar to short phrases, also called "chalan."
Aroha and avaroha The scale of Bhopali uses only Shuddh swaras. Aroha (ascent): Sa Re Ga Pa Dha Sa' Avaroha (descent): Sa'! Dha Pa Ga Re Sa
Vadi and samavadi Vadi Gandhar – ga
Samavadi Dhaivat – Dha
Alap
S, D1, D1...S, R, - S...D1, S..., D1, - - - P1, S, - - D1, S, - D1, P1, P1, D1, D1 D1 S
Pakad and chalan The Pakad (a catchphrase that often helps in identifying a raga) is:
S R G R S D1 S R G
or:
S R G R S D1 S R G P G D P G R S
or:
G R P G G R S R D1 S
or:
G R S D1 S R G R P G D P G R S
or:
G R P G S R D1 S
Some chalans (elaborations of the pakad) are:
S R G R S D1 S R G S R G R S D1 P1 P1 D1 S R G R G S R P G G R S R G P G P D P D D S’ P G P D P D S’ R’ G’ R’ G’ G’ R’ S’ D P G R S
Note: Normally written swaras (individual notes) indicate the middle octave. A swara immediately followed by 1 indicates the mandra saptak (lower octave) and ' indicates the taar saptak (higher octave).
A few movements in Bhopali are important to note. There is typically a slide when descending between Sa and Dha, as well as between Pa and Ga. These slides parallel each other and can be used to create symmetry about how the Swaras are developed. Also, many performers will bring out the Kalyan flavor of Bhopali by using of the notes Ni and Ma. That is to say, these notes are only vaguely suggested in passing ornaments, not actually sung for long enough for the Swara to become a clear part of the raga. Some examples would be:
(N1)D1 S
P(m)P(m) D P
where the notes in parentheses are connected by slides or sung as meend.
Bandish
This bandish is bound with Teentaal (16 beats).
1 2 3 4 | 5 6 7 8 | 9 10 11 12 | 13 14 15 16 |
Asthayi:
D S D2 P | G2 R2 S R2 |
G2 _ G2 P | G2 R2 S _ |
S R2 G2 P | R2 G2 P D2 |
G2 P D2 P | G2 R2 S _ |
Antara:
G2 _ G2 G2 |P _ D2 P |
S' _ S' S' |D3 R3 S' _|
G3 G3 R3 S'|R3 R3 S' D3|
S' _ D2 P |G2 R2 S _|
The Asthayi starts with the 9th beat.
Organisation and relationships
Raga Bhoopali belongs to the Kalyan Thaat.
Related ragas: Deshkar (a pentatonic raga belonging to the Bilawal Thaat with the same scale as Bhoopali). Shuddha Kalyan is another similar raga.
Samay (Time) First part of night. 7-9
Rasa Bhakti Rasa (Devotional)
The essence from the raga evokes the Shanti Rasa—peaceful and calming.
The Rasa can also be called Shanta Rasa
Film songs
Bhoopali is a popular raga used in Indian folk songs and thus in Hindi and other regional film songs.
Hindi: "Jyoti Kalash Chhalake" (Bhabhi Ki Chudiyan) (1961) "Pankh Hote To Ud Aati Re" (Sehra) (1963) "Main Jahaan Rahoon" (Namastey London) (2007) "Dil Hoom Hoom Kare" (Rudaali) (1993) "Sayonara Sayonara" (Love in Tokyo) (1966) "Dekha ek khwaab to yeh silsile hue" (Silsila)(1981) "Aayat" (Bajirao Mastani) (2015) "Neel Gagan Ki Chaanv Mein" (Amrapali) (1966)
Marathi: (Data in the table below is currently under revision, for what is in it is yet to be confirmed) Song Source Type Film/Natak/Album Year of First Release Singer Lyricist Composer Ghanashyama Sundara Film Amar Bhoopali 1951 Lata Mangeshkar, Panditrao Nagarkar Honaji Bala Vasant Desai Dehaachi Tijori Film Aamhi Jato Amuchya Gava 1968 Sudhir Phadke Jagdish Khebudkar Sudhir Phadke Sujana Kasa Mana Chori Sangeet Natak Swayamwar 1916 Balgandharva, Kumargandharva, Neelakshi Joshi, Madhuvanti Dandekar K. P. KhadilkarBhaskarbuwa Bhakhle Sharayu Tiravari Ayodhya Song Cycle Geet Ramayan 1955 Sudhir Phadke G. D. Madgulkar Sudhir Phadke Jai Jai Maharashtra Maza State Song of Maharashtra Album 1960 Shahir Sable Raja Badhe Shrinivas Khale Swaye Shri Ram Prabhu Aikati Song Cycle Geet Ramayan 1955 Sudhir Phadke G. D. Madgulkar Sudhir Phadke Maze Maher Pandhari Abhang Album — Pt. Bhimsen Joshi, Kishori Amonkar Sant Eknath Maharaj Ram Phatak Dhundh Madhumati Raat Re Film Keechak Wadh 1959 Lata Mangeshkar G. D. Madgulkar Master Krishnrao Tujhya Kantisam Raktpataka Film Annapurna 1968 Suman Kalyanpur G. D. Madgulkar Snehal Bhatkar Khel Mandiyela Valvanti Ghai Abhang Album — Lata Mangeshkar Sant Tukaram Maharaj Traditional Airanichya Deva Tula Film Saadhi Manasa 1965 Lata Mangeshkar Jagdish Khebudkar Anandghan (Lata Mangeshkar) Utha Pandharichya Raja Film Sant Gora Kumbhar 1967 Prasad Sawkar G. D. Madgulkar Sudhir Phadke Uthi Uthi Gopala Sangeet Natak Dev Deenaghari Dhavla 1970 Kumargandharva Bal Kolhatkar Vasant Desai Uthi Shri Rama Film Te Maze Ghar 1963 Asha Bhosle Ravindra Bhat Sudhir Phadke Utha Utha Ho Sakalik Bhupali/Devotional Album — Lata Mangeshkar Ramanand Hridaynath Mangeshkar Ata Visavyache Kshan Bhavageet Album 2013 Lata Mangeshkar B. B. Borkar Salil Kulkarni Abir Gulal Udhalit Rang Devotional Song Album — Pt. Jitendra Abhisheki Sant Chokhamela Traditional Omkar Pradhan Roop Ganeshache Devotional Song Album — Suman Kalyanpur Sant Tukaram Maharaj Kamalakar Bhagwat
Kannada: "Malgudi Days Theme Music" "Mohana Muraliya Naada Leelege" "Olave Jeevana Saakshaatkaara" "Bellane Belagayitu" "Aashaadha Maasa Bandeetavva" "Belliya Raja Baaro Kullara Raja Baa" "Utthunga Naadininda Ondu Hudugi (Folk)" "Nigi Ningee Ningi Ningee" "Hottito Hottitu Kannadada Deepa" "Udayavaagali Namma Cheluva Kannada Naadu" "Bayaside Ninnanu Bhaavada Melake" "Ellaadaru Iru, Entaadaru Iru" "Karunaalu Baa Belake" "Tungaa Teeradi Ninta Suyativara" "Teraa Yeri Ambaradaage" "Tunturu Alli Neera Haadu" "Sarasada Ee Prati Nimisha" "Amara Madhura Prema" "Malli Malli Minchulli" "Nanna Aase Hannaagi Nanna Baala Kannaade" "Innu Hattiraa Hattiraa Baruveya" "Radha Madhava Vinoda Haasa" "Yaava Janmada Maitri" "Kogile O Kogile" "Naliyutaa Hrudaya Haadanu Haadide" "Kogileye Kshemave" "Santasa Araluva Samaya" "Doni Sagali Munde Hogali" "Mudala Maneya Muttina Neerina" "Appaa I Love You Paa" "Jenina Holeyo Haalina Maleyo" "Naavaaduva Nudiye" "Om Karadi Kande" "Neela Megha Gaali Beesi" "Ee Hasiru Siriyali Manavu Mereyali" "Ee Sambhaashane" "Baanallu Neene Bhuviyallu Neene" "Yogi Manege Bandaa" "Mella Mellane Bandane" "Jayatu Jaya Viththala" "O Pandu Ranga Prabho Viththala" "Avatarisu Baa Narayana" "Pillangoviya"
Tamil movie songs in Mohanam Song Movie Lyricist Composer SingerGiridhara Gopala Meera S. V. Venkatraman M. S. SubbulakshmiThillai Ambala Nadaraajaa SoubhagyavathiPattukkottai KalyanasundaramPendyala Nageswara RaoT. M. SoundararajanNilavum MalarumThen NilavuKannadasanA. M. RajahA. M. Rajah, P. Susheela Aarumugamana Porul Kandhan KarunaiK. V. MahadevanS. Janaki, Rajalakshmi Om Namasivaya ThiruvilaiyadalSirkazhi Govindarajan, P. Susheela Malargal Nanaindhana Idhaya KamalamP. Susheela Velli Mani Oosaiyil Iru Malargal VaaliM. S. Viswanathan Chittukuruvikenna Saavale Samali Kannadasan Iraivan Varuvan Shanthi NilayamYaumuna Nadhi Inge Gowaravam S. P. Balasubramaniam, P. Susheela Sangey Mozhangu Kalangarai Vilakam Bharathidasan P. Susheela, Seerkazhi Govindarajan Thanga ThoniyileUlagam Sutrum VaalibanVaali K. J. Yesudas, P. Susheela Bansaye T. M. Soundarajan, L. R. Easwari Kadaloram Vaangiya Kaatru Rickshawkaaran T. M. SoundarajanVanda naal mudhal PaavamannippuKannadasan Thiruchendoorin Kadalorathil SenthilnaathanDheivamKunnakudi VaidyanathanT. M. Soundararajan, Seerkazhi GovindarajanNeelakkadalin OratthilAnnai VelankanniG. DevarajanT. M. Soundararajan, P. MadhuriOru Kadhal SamrajyamNandha En NilaV. DakshinamoorthyP. Jayachandran, T. K. Kala Ninu Kori Varnam Isaithida Agni Natchatram IllayarajaChitraKanmaniye Kadhal Enbadhu Aarilirunthu Arubathu Varai S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. JanakiNilavu thoongum Kungumachimizh Iru ParavaigalNiram Maratha PookalJencyMeenkodi Theril Karumbhu Vil K.J. Yesudas, Jency AnthonyVaan Pole Vannam Salangai Oli Vairamuthu S. P. Balasubhramaniam, S. P. Sailaja Oru Thanga Rathathil Dharma Yutham Malaysia Vasudevan Kannan Oru kaikulanthai Bhadrakali KJ Yesudas, P Susheela Kaathirunthen Thaniye Rasa Magan Chandrasekar, Srilekha Sreeramane Unnai Kangalin Vaarthaigal K. S. Chithra, Illayaraja Oru Raagam Anandha RagamGangai AmaranK. J. Yesudas, S. Janaki Geetham Sangeetham Kokarako S. P. BalasubrahmanyamPoovil Vandu Kaadhal OviyamVairamuthuRavi varman oviyamo Puthu vayal AravinthSivappu LolakuKaadhal Kottai Deva Vellarika KrishnarajNepala Malaiyoram Thaikulame Thaikulame S. P. Balasubhramaniam, Swarnalatha Priya Priya Kattabomman (film) S. P. Balasubhramaniam, K.S.ChitraThoonganakuruvi Jallikattu kalai Kadhal KadithamCheran PandiyanSoundaryanS.A. Rajkumar, Swarnalatha Boom Boom BoysKabilanA. R. Rahman Adnan Sami, Sadhana Sargam Ennodu Nee Irundhaal I Sid Sriram, Sunitha Sarathy Porale Ponnuthayi KaruthammaVairamuthu Unni Menon, Sujatha Mohan, Swarnalatha(Pathos)(Won National Award)Madrasai Suthi (Ragamalika:Mohanam, Punnagavarali) May Maadham Shahul Hameed, Swarnalatha, G. V. Prakash & Manorama Pakkada Pakkade Gentleman Minmini Varayo Thozhi Jeans Sonu Nigam, Harini Samba Samba Love Birds Aslam Mustafa Kannai Katti Kollathey Iruvar HariharanPoi Solla PorenThiruttu PayaleBharadwajKK, KanmaniOru Kathal EnpathuChinna Thambi Periya ThambiGangai AmaranS. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. JanakiChinnapattam PoochiSugamana SumaigalChandraboseK. S. Chithra, ManoKaalai NeeyeKaalaiyum Neeye Maalaiyum NeeyeVaaliDevendranS. JanakiMalaiya Kodainju Pathaya AmaichenPudhu PadaganS. ThanuS. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. ChithraUnnai NinachiAvathara PurushanSirpyMudhal MudhalaiVarushamellam VasanthamP. Unnikrishnan, SujathaPottu Mela PottuJanakiramanS. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Anuradha SriramMainaave MainaaveThithikudheVidyasagarP. Unnikrishnan, Sadhana SargamRosave RosaveEllaichamiPulamaipithanS. A. RajkumarMalaysia Vasudevan, K. S. Chithra Maname Thottal Thottachinungi Phillip JerryHariharan, K. S. ChithraKadhalithal AnandhamStyleBharaniUchi MudhalSukranVijay AntonyTimmy, GayathriEngeyum KadhalEngeyum KadhalThamaraiHarris JayarajAalap Raju, Devan Ekambaram, Ranina Reddy