Between 1858 and 1902, the Händel-Gesellschaft ("German Handel Society") produced a collected 105-volume edition of the works of George Frideric Handel. Even though the collection was initiated by the society, many of the volumes were published by Friedrich Chrysander working alone (Chrysander was the major contributor for almost all of the volumes). The wording on the title page of the volumes is "Georg Friedrich Händel's Werke. Ausgabe der Deutschen Händelgesellschaft" which translates as "Georg Friedrich Handel's works. Edition of the German Handel Society". Chrysander's work has been criticised, however the scale of his achievement is also praised. The collection's abbreviation of "HG" can be used to identify individual works by Handel; for example Handel's Messiah can be referred to as "HG xlv" (with the Roman numerals "xlv" indicating that the work is in volume 45). For practical use, the HG system has been superseded by the HWV numbering system. The 105 volumes do not contain the complete works of Handel—with at least 250 of his works unpublished in the collection.
History Before the Händelgesellschaft, at least two collected editions of Handel's works had been produced. Samuel Arnold's 180-volume collection was produced between 1787 and 1797—however, it was far from complete, and included, for example, only five of Handel's 42 Italian operas.Winton Dean, The New Grove Handel. NY: Norton, 1982, p. 116. . The other major collection was produced by the English Handel Society (founded by Sir George Macfarren) between 1843 and 1858—however, it too was incomplete.
In 1856, the Händel-Gesellschaft was founded by Chrysander and the literary historian Georg Gottfried Gervinus (with Chrysander the only active editor).gfhandel.org
The society Despite the reference to a "society" in the name of the Händel-Gesellschaft (including a board of directors), the edition was produced almost entirely by Chrysander, who carried on publication of the edition even when the society dropped out of the project."Editions of Handel's Music" from gfhandel.org. Chrysander set up an office in the garden at his home, and from 1862 onwards personally superintended the engraving and printing of the edition.Karl Franz Friedrich Chrysander --October 1901 obituary from The Musical Times. Additionally, he sold fruits and vegetables raised in his garden to derive further income during the years of publication."Editions of Handel's Music," op. cit..
The first volume (1858) was prepared by Julius Rietz (although with results that displeased Chrysander)."Handel's Scores," at WBAI'S "Here Of A Sunday Morning" website. Max Seiffert assisted with some of the later editing.
Due to its being more comprehensive than previous collections, the Händel-Gesellschaft edition was long considered the standard reference for Handel's works. When the Hallische Händel-Ausgabe was inaugurated in 1955, it was at first intended as a supplement to Chrysander's work, and only later (in 1958) became a full critical edition in its own right.Dean, op. cit., p. 117.
Criticism Some have criticised Chrysander's efforts, with one writer commenting that "he was an autocrat, a law into himself, who often made his selection according to his desires, who altered and revised at will, and who even falsified documents to suit his purposes,""Handel's Scores," op. cit.., and another criticising his "arbitrary selection of material in the more complex works and his failure to explain his methods."Dean, op. cit..
There are also problems such as the renumbering of the chamber sonatas originally published by Handel as his Op. 1 and Op. 2; for example, the Trio sonata in B flat for two violins and continuo, Op. 2 no. 3, appears in the Händel-Gesellschaft edition as Op. 2 no. 4. These renumberings by Chrysander resulted in confusion which still persists.Dean, op. cit., pp. 117 and p. 153 (work list reference to Handel trio sonata).
The 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Eleventh Edition comments that "The complete edition of the German Handelgesellschaft suffers from being the work of one man who would not recognize that his task was beyond any single man's power ... Yet Chrysander's services in the restoration of Handel are beyond praise".
Structure of the society
At the time of the publication of the first volume of the Händelgesellschaft in 1858, the society was run by directors and a committee. The following details were taken from information printed in the first volume:
Directors The directors (German: Directorium) were: Jul. Rietz, Vorsitzender (president) M. Hauptmann, Secretair (secretary) Breitkopf & Härtel, Cassirer (treasurer) Fr. Chrysander G. G. Gervinus
Committee The 27 committee members (German: Ausschuss) were:
C. F. Becker in LeipzigDirector J. F. Kittl in PragProf. J. Moscheles in LeipzigProf. L. Bischoff in CölnDr. E. Krüger in AurichMusikdirector G. D. Otten in HamburgDr. Faisst in StuttgartGen.-Musikdirector Fr. Lachner in MünchenGraf von Redern in BerlinMusikdirector R. Franz in HalleKapellmeister V. Lachner in MannheimMusikdirector F. W. Rühl in Frankfurt a. M.C. P. G. Grädener in HamburgHofkapellmeister Dr. Liszt in WeimarVictor Schoelcher in LondonMusikdirector H. Giehne in CarlsruheProf. Jul. Maier in MünchenSchnyder von Wartensee in Frankfurt a.M.Kapellmeister Fr. Hauser in MünchenMusikdirector C. A. Mangold in DarmstadtMusikdirector E. Sobolewski in BremenKapellmeister Fr. Hiller in CölnMusikdirector Fr. Marpurg in MainzMusikdirector Jul. Stern in BerlinProf. O. Jahn in BonnGen.-Musikdirector G. Meyerbeer in BerlinHofkapellmeister A. Wehner in Hannover
The structure of the society was printed in the following fifteen volumes: 1, 5, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 23, 28, 34, 36, 56, 65, 71 and 76.
Volumes The publications were labelled as "Lieferung" (which is German for "consignment" or "delivery") followed by a Roman numeral indicating the volume number. For example, the fourth volume (containing the oratorio Hercules) was labelled as "Lieferung IV". The volumes are also sometimes referred to as "Bands".
Unless stated in the table below, Chrysander wrote a foreword for each volume. All volumes are in German, however most (again indicated below) include various English translations. Where a volume contains more than one work, the ordering of the HWV numbers indicate the order in which the works were published within the volume. The original German spelling of the volume titles has been retained.
The 105 volumes (which includes six supplement volumes) published in the Händelgesellschaft are (note that volume 49 was never published):
Vol.TitleForeword datePublisherGenrePagesNotes and works (including HWV numbers).ISusannaThe societyOratorio251Contains the score (on 216 pages) for the oratorio Susanna (HWV 66). The volume begins with three pages of a programmatic introduction (in German) titled "Ankündigung einer vollständigen Ausgabe von Händel's Werken" ("Announcement of a complete edition of Handel's works"). Contains the text of the work (also in English).IIKlavierstücke23 Feb 1859The societyKeyboard (solo)189Contains the score (on 174 pages) of some of Handel's keyboard works. The volume begins with a page (in German) from the publishing company Breitkopf & Härtel titled "An die Mitglieder der deutschen Händelgesellschaft" (meaning "To the members of the German Handel Society"). Under the heading Erste Sammlung (First Collection) are the following eight works: Suite de pièce Vol. 1: HWV 426, 427, 428, 429, 430, 431, 432, 433 Under the heading Zweite Sammlung (Second Collection) are the following nine works: Suite de pièce Vol. 2: HWV 494 & 434/4, 435, 436, 437, 438, 439, 440, 441, 442 (HWV 437 contains Handel's famous Sarabande) Under the heading Dritts Sammlung (Third Collection) are the following twelve works: HWV 447, 452, 483, 490, 485, 575 & 496, ?, 481, 574, 585, 577, 578 Under the heading Vierte Sammlung (Fourth Collection) are the following six works: